Pervasive Healthcare Computing (eBook)

Pervasive Healthcare Computing List of Contents 7
Chapter 1 Healthcare Systems: Challenges and Solutions 10
1.1 Healthcare System in US 10
1.2 Costs and Complexity of Payments 11
1.3 Limited Number of Healthcare Professionals 12
1.4 Technological & Other Inefficiencies in Healthcare
1.5 Patients-related Challenges 15
1.6 Cost of Medications & Poor Adherence
1.7 Medical Errors & Quality of Care
1.8 Healthcare Billing and Fraud 18
1.9 Improvements with Technologies in Healthcare 18
1.10 Rest of the Book 22
Chapter 2: E-Health and IT in Healthcare 26
2.1 E-health 26
2.2 EMR and EHR 31
2.3 Issues in EMR/EHR 2.3.1 The Major Challenges to National EHR 37
2.4 Telemedicine 42
2.5 Future of IT in Healthcare 45
Chapter 3: Pervasive Computing and Healthcare 48
3.1 Pervasive Computing 48
3.2 Pervasive Healthcare 57
3.3 Pervasive Healthcare Requirements 67
3.4 Open Issues and Challenges 68
Chapter 4: Wireless and Mobile Technologies 72
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 The Commercial Cellular/3G Networks 74
4.3 Wireless LANs 81
4.4 Satellites 85
4.5 Sensors 88
4.6 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 90
4.7 Bluetooth 91
4.8 ZigBee 93
4.9 Fixed Wireless and WiMAX 93
4.10 The Overall Picture 94
4.11 Conclusions and the Future 95
Chapter 5 Wireless Health Monitoring: Requirements and Examples 97
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 The Monitoring Environments 98
5.3 General Monitoring Requirements 100
5.4 Vital Signs and Medical Parameters 105
5.5 Specific Vital Signs 109
5.6 An Example of Monitoring Scenario and Requirements 116
5.7 Sleep Apnea Monitoring 119
5.8 Cardiac Arrhythmia Monitoring 120
5.9 Wireless Stress Monitoring 121
5.10 Stray Prevention Monitoring 122
5.11 Some More Types of Monitoring 122
5.12 Conclusions and Future 123
Chapter 6 Wireless Health Monitoring: State of the Art and Implementations 127
6.1 State-of-the Art in Wireless Health Monitoring 127
6.2 Evolution of WHM 142
6.3 A High-level Framework for WHM 144
6.4 An Implementation 147
6.5 The Future of WHM 151
Chapter 7 Medical Decision Making 155
7.1 Introduction 155
7.2 Requirements and Functions of Healthcare Professionals 157
7.3 The Role of Healthcare Professionals’ Devices 162
7.4 An Example of Medical Decision Making 164
7.5 What to Do When Something Goes Wrong 166
7.6 Cognitive Load 167
7.7 Alert Monitoring and Management System 168
7.8 The Future of Medical Decision Making in WHM 170
Chapter 8: Health Monitoring using Infrastructure-oriented Wireless Networks 172
8.1 Introduction 172
8.2 Networking Requirements of Wireless Health Monitoring 174
8.3. Advantages of Cellular/3G for Health Monitoring 178
8.4 Limitations of Cellular/3G for WHM 181
8.5 Advantages of W-LANs in Health Monitoring 183
8.6 Limitations of W-LANs for WHM 185
8.7 Comparison of Cellular/3G and Wireless LANs 188
8.8 Reliability for Wireless Health Monitoring 189
8.9 Other Networking Considerations 191
8.10 Future 192
Chapter 9: Ad Hoc Networks for Health Monitoring 195
9.1 Introduction 195
9.2 Challenges for Wireless Health Monitoring 199
9.3 Existing Ad Hoc Networks 201
9.4 Monitoring Protocols 203
9.5 Routing in Ad Hoc Networks 204
9.6 Reliability of Ad Hoc Network Monitoring 212
9.7 Future 214
Chapter 10 Using Incentives in Wireless Health Monitoring 216
10.1 Introduction 216
10.2 Overcoming the Non-cooperation of Routers 218
10.3 Incentives for Co-operation of Devices 221
10.4 Steps in Obtaining Co-operation 223
10.5 Protocols and Operations 226
10.6 The Decision Making Protocols 228
10.7 Strategies for Nodes 230
10.8 Challenges in the Implementation of Incentives 231
10.9 Conclusions and Future Research 233
Chapter 11: Context-awareness in Healthcare 235
11.1 Introduction 235
11.2 Context and Context Awareness 236
11.3 Context in Healthcare 242
11.4. Context in Health Monitoring 246
11.5 Integration of Context Information and Details 250
11.6 From Context-awareness to Health-Awareness 258
11.7 Summary and Future 259
Chapter 12 Monitoring of Mental Health, Medication and Disability 262
12. 1 Introduction 262
12.2 Challenges in Mental Health Monitoring 266
12.3 Examples of MHM 267
12.4 Monitoring of Medication Compliance and Addiction 273
12.5 Disability Monitoring and Verification 280
12.6 Conclusions and Future 283