Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy

David J. Brady, PhD, received a BA in physics and mathematics from Macalester College and MS and PhD degrees in applied physics from California Institute of Technology. Dr. Brady is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Pratt School of Engineering at Duke University, where he directs the Duke Imaging and Spectroscopy Program. Dr. Brady is the architect of numerous computational imaging and spectroscopy systems, including multimodal multiplex spectroscopy and coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging. His current work focuses on multiple aperture lens system design and optical coherence measurement. He is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America, SPIE, and IEEE.

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Past, present and future. 1.1 Three revolutions. 1.2 Computational imaging. 1.3 Overview. 1.4 The fourth revolution. Problems. 2. Geometric imaging. 2.1 Visibility. 2.2 Optical elements. 2.3 Focal imaging. 2.4 Imaging systems. 2.5 Pinhole and coded aperture imaging. 2.6 Projection tomography. 2.7 Reference structure tomography. Problems. 3. Analysis. 3.1 Analytical tools. 3.2 Fields and transformations. 3.3 Fourier analysis. 3.4 Transfer functions and filters. 3.5 The Fresnel transformation. 3.6 The Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem. 3.7 Discrete analysis of linear transformations. 3.8 Multiscale sampling. 3.9 B-splines. 3.10 Wavelets. Problems. 4. Wave imaging. 4.1 Waves and fields. 4.2 Wave model for optical fields. 4.3 Wave propagation. 4.4 Diffraction. 4.5 Wave analysis of optical elements. 4.6 Wave propagation through thin lenses. 4.7 Fourier analysis of wave imaging. 4.8 Holography. Problems. 5. Detection. 5.1 The Optoelectronic interface. 5.2 Quantum mechanics of optical detection. 5.3 Optoelectronic detectors. 5.3.1 Photoconductive detectors. 5.3.2 Photodiodes. 5.4 Physical characteristics of optical detectors. 5.5 Noise. 5.6 Charge coupled devices. 5.7 Active pixel sensors. 5.8 Infrared focal plane arrays. Problems. 6. Coherence imaging. 6.1 Coherence and spectral fields. 6.2 Coherence propagation. 6.3 Measuring coherence. 6.4 Fourier analysis of coherence imaging. 6.5 Optical coherence tomography. 6.6 Modal analysis. 6.7 Radiometry. Problems. 7. Sampling. 7.1 Samples and pixels. 7.2 Image plane sampling on electronic detector arrays. 7.3 Color imaging. 7.4 Practical sampling models. 7.5 Generalized sampling. Problems. 8. Coding and inverse problems. 8.1 Coding taxonomy. 8.2 Pixel coding. 8.3 Convolutional coding. 8.4 Implicit coding. 8.5 Inverse problems. Problems. 9. Spectroscopy. 9.1 Spectral measurements. 9.2 Spatially dispersive spectroscopy. 9.3 Coded aperture spectroscopy. 9.4 Interferometric Spectroscopy. 9.5 Resonant spectroscopy. 9.6 Spectroscopic filters. 9.7 Tunable filters. 9.8 2D spectroscopy. Problems. 10. Computational imaging. 10.1 Imaging systems. 10.2 Depth of field. 10.3 Resolution. 10.4 Multiple aperture imaging. 10.5 Generalized sampling revisited. 10.6 Spectral imaging. Problems. References.