Organization and Administration of Physical Education

Jayne Greenberg, EdD, is the North America chair for the International Sport and Culture Association, the educational advocate and policy specialist for the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Kidz Neuroscience center, and the youth movement ambassador for the Life Time Foundation. Previously, she served as the director of the I Can Do It! program for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and was the district director of physical education and health literacy for Miami-Dade County Public Schools for 22 years. Throughout her professional educational career, she has served as special advisor on youth fitness to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, president of FAHPERD, and chair of the sport development committee for the United States Olympic Committee and USA Field Hockey. In addition, she coordinated the Olympic Torch Relay Miami Leg for the Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City. Greenberg has received numerous awards and accolades throughout her career, including induction into the SHAPE America Hall of Fame in 2019, the 2016 North America Society of HPERD Professionals Award; and the Lifetime of Giving Award from Delta Psi Kappa in 2017. Other highlights include being named the 2005 National Physical Education Administrator of the Year by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education; being appointed by President Obama to serve on the President’s Council for on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition in 2011; and being named education sector chair for the National Physical Activity Plan. Greenberg has served as an international consultant in many capacities. She coordinated Olympic education programs in Canada; developed the sport science curriculum at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia; and developed a math and science sailing curriculum for the National Maritime Museum and Royal Observatory in London, England, and Sydney, Australia. She also developed a conservation safari in South Africa and developed the drug education curriculum for Antigua. She has authored several books, published numerous articles, and been a speaker at numerous state, national, and international conventions and meetings, including presenting at an International Olympic Committee meeting in Singapore. In the past 12 years, she has secured over $35 million in federal and foundation grants for educational programs. Judy LoBianco is the president and CEO of HPE Solutions LLC, a consulting firm that helps advance teacher practice. She was previously an adjunct professor at Monmouth University and a supervisor of health and physical education for Livingston Public Schools in New Jersey. With over 30 years of experience in health and physical education, she has taught all levels, from kindergarten through college. Formerly of the South Orange–Maplewood School District, LoBianco won two federal grants from the U.S. Department of Education totaling $2.74 million to revolutionize the district’s K-12 physical education program. She has dedicated her professional service to several organizations, serving as president of the New Jersey Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance; president of the Eastern District of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance; and president of SHAPE America (Society of Health and Physical Educators). She was named the 2013 National PE Administrator of the Year.

Part I. Leadership, Management, Organization, and Planning

Chapter 1. The Role of a Physical Education Administrator as a Leader
Jayne D. Greenberg
Roles and Responsibilities of the Physical Education Administrator
Leadership Versus Management
Leadership Defined
Characteristics of Effective Leaders
Developing Leaders
Understanding Your Philosophy of Leadership
Determining Your Leadership Style
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Power, Authority, and Influence
Motivation Theories of Leadership
Strategic Planning
Ethical Leadership
Conflict Resolution
Diversity in Leadership
Conclusion

Chapter 2. Management and Operations
Jayne D. Greenberg
Management Theories
Management Skills and Competencies
Roles and Responsibilities and Administrative Functions
Change Theory
Day-to-Day Operations
Teachers as Leaders
Conclusion

Chapter 3. Organizing and Planning a Quality Physical Education Program
Jayne D. Greenberg
Definition of Physical Education
Benefits of a Quality Physical Education Program
Program Planning
Essential Components of Physical Education
Program Planning Considerations
The School and Community Connections National Framework: Comprehensive School Physical Activity Plan
The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model
Conclusion

Part II. Curriculum, Instruction, Assessment, and Special Events

Chapter 4. Curriculum Development and Evaluation
Nichole D. Barta and Jayne D. Greenberg
The Curriculum Development Process
Understanding Standards-Based Curriculum Development
The Analysis Phase
The Planning Phase
The Design Phase
The Implementation Phase
The Evaluation Phase
Conclusion

Chapter 5. Quality Instruction
Nichole D. Barta and Jayne D. Greenberg
Appropriate Instruction
Factors That Influence Quality Instruction and Environment
Conclusion

Chapter 6. Teacher and Program Evaluation
Erin E. Centeio, Heather E. Erwin, and Jayne D. Greenberg
Teacher Evaluation Models
Perception of Evaluation
Developing a Growth Mindset and Considerations for Evaluation
Components of Teacher Evaluation
Teacher Observation
Program Evaluation
Conclusion

Chapter 7. Event Planning, Special Programs, and Field Trips
Jayne D. Greenberg
Conducting Community-Wide Events
Field Trips
Conducting School-Wide Events
Before- and After-School Programs
Conclusion

Part III. Facilities, Equipment, and Technology

Chapter 8. Facilities, Design Criteria, and Equipment
Jayne D. Greenberg
Defining the Purpose of a Facility
Construction of a New Facility
Planning Facilities
Role of the Planning Committee
Design Standards, Universal Design, and Sustainable Design
General Considerations for Physical Education Construction Projects
Indoor Facilities
Wellness or Fitness Centers and Weight Training Rooms
Outdoor Facilities
Physical Education Preferred Equipment
Shared Facilities
Conclusion

Chapter 9. Technology in Physical Education
David N. Daum, Tyler Goad, and Jayne D. Greenberg
Why Use Technology in Education?
Technology Frameworks
Understanding Teachers and Students
Technology in Physical Education
Inappropriate Uses of Technology in Physical Education
Planning for Technology Integration 
Understanding the 21st-Century Learner
Technology for Instructional Use
Innovative Uses of Technology
Teaching With Learning Management Systems (LMSs)
Online Physical Education (OLPE)
Keeping Up With Technology
Continuing Professional Development
Conclusion

Part IV. Communication, Legal Issues, and Human Resources

Chapter 10. Communications, Internal and External Public Relations, and Advocacy
Jayne D. Greenberg and Carly Wright
Effective Communication
Direction and Flow of Organizational Communication
Elements of Effective Communication
Methods of Communication
Public Relations
Advocacy
Conclusion

Chapter 11. Legal Issues and Loss Prevention in Physical Education
John O. Spengler and Jayne D. Greenberg
Constitutional Law
Liability in Physical Education
Loss Prevention in Physical Education
Bullying, Harassment, and Sexual Harassment
Gender Issues
Conclusion

Chapter 12. Human Capital Management
Lauren O’Mara and Jayne D. Greenberg
Recruiting Talent
Onboarding and Orientation
Induction, Training, and Mentoring for Teacher Retention
Professional Development
Performance Management
Working With Labor Unions
Conclusion

Part V. Financial Management

Chapter 13. Fiscal Management
Jayne D. Greenberg
Understanding District Budgets
The Budget Process
Expenditure of Funds: Purchasing Process
Working With Vendors
Bid Process
Audits
Travel and Meal Reimbursement
Conclusion

Chapter 14. Grant Writing and Outside Funding
Jayne D. Greenberg
Securing Local Funding: Dipping Into Discretionary Accounts
Securing and Developing Business Partnerships
Corporate Donations and Sponsorship
Fundraising
Securing Funding Through Grants
Conclusion

Part VI. Meeting Social Issues and Challenges

Chapter 15. Social Emotional Learning and Physical Education Content, Pedagogy, and Practices
Cara D. Grant
History of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL)
Defining Social and Emotional Learning (SEL)
CASEL SEL Framework Overview
SEL, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and Trauma
Connecting SEL and Physical Education
Model-Based Practices in Physical Education
Sample SEL Educational Programs
SEL and Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI)
SEL Equity Elaborations
Successes in Implementing SEL Programming
Conclusion

Chapter 16. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Underrepresented Teachers and Students in Physical Education
Wesley J. Wilson and Mara Simon
Disability in Physical Education
Race in Physical Education
Gender in Physical Education
Sexuality in Physical Education
Low Socioeconomic Status in Physical Education
Conclusion