The Routledge Handbook of Translation, Interpreting and Crisis

Christophe Declercq, PhD, is a Lecturer in Translation at Utrecht University, Netherlands, and Honorary Senior Research Fellow at University College London, UK. He has published several articles and chapters on translation and language technology, and for a decade has been an evaluator for the European Commission on multilingual ICT projects. He has published as author and co-editor in the domain of cross-cultural communication at times of conflict, either in a historic or contemporary setting. Koen Kerremans is an Associate Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium. His research interests pertain to terminology, translation technologies, and multilingual communication. He is a member of the Brussels Centre for Language Studies (BCLS) at VUB.

List of illustrations

List of contributors

Abbreviations and acronyms

Introduction

Koen Kerremans and Christophe Declercq

PART I

Policy and practices

1 Translation, interpreting, language, and foreignness in crisis communication policy: 21 years of white papers in Japan

Patrick Cadwell

2 Redefining information accessibility in crisis translation: communicating COVID- 19 resources to culturally and linguistically diverse communities in Australia

Lintao Qi and Rita Wilson

3 Accessible government crisis communication: recommendations based on the case of COVID- 19 in Belgium

Mieke Vandenbroucke, Nina Reviers, Gert Vercauteren, Anna Jankowska, Bonnie Geerinck, Heleen Van Opstal, Isabelle Aujoulat, Karin Hannes, Khetam Al Sharou, Lien Vermeire, Maria- Cornelia Wermuth, Sarah Talboom, and Wessel van de Veerdonk

4 Communicating Covid- 19: language access and linguistic rights in contemporary Peru

Raquel de Pedro Ricoy

5 Translation and interpreting as a guarantee for language access and linguistic rights for migrants in Brazil in the context of crisis intensified by the pandemic

Sabine Gorovitz and Teresa Dias Carneiro

6 Multilingual crisis communication, language access, and linguistic rights in Sierra Leone

Shaun Pickering, Chloe Franklin, Jonas Knauerhase, Pious Mannah, and Federico M. Federici

7 The languages of Hong Kong’s international crisis relief response

Marija Todorova

8 How did translators and interpreters in crisis communications get ignored? Overview of international effort in protecting our colleagues working in crisis settings and the rights of speakers of non-dominant languages

Henry Liu, Debra Russell, and Colin Allen

PART II

Professionalisation

9 Interpreting in humanitarian negotiation

Lucía Ruiz Rosendo

10 The ideal conflict zone interpreter: military perspectives and perceptions of interpreters’ skills and attitudes

Eleonora Bernardi

11 Reinventing themselves– conflict zone interpreters from Afghanistan as interpreters for asylum seekers in Spain: a case study on impartiality, empathy and role

Maria Gómez Amich

12 Widening the scope of interpreting in conflict settings: a description of the provision of interpreting during the 2021 Afghan evacuation to Spain

Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez and Gabriel Cabrera Méndez

13 Interpreting ethics in crisis in the conflict zones: a focus on the Afghanistan War

Ping Yang

14 The crisis of the translator: an overview of the occupational situation of translation professionals during the Syrian civil war

Madiha Kassawat

PART III

Community

15 Interpreter and translator training: from crisis response to sustainable livelihoods

Barbara Moser- Mercer, Somia Qudah, Mona Malkawi, Jayne Mutiga, and Mohammed Al- Bataineh

16 Interpreting as a form of humanitarian aid provision at an Italian NGO: challenges and outlooks

Maura Radicioni

17 Interpreters and language assistance in Galician NGDOs: situation, demand, and training needs

Maribel Del- Pozo- Triviño, David Casado Neira, Silvia Pérez Freire, and Luzia Oca González

18 Interpreters as catalysts for translation in refugee crises: creating a sense of community and belonging in migrant reception

Elena Aguirre Fernández Bravo and Laura Paíno Peña

19 Agents and collaboration in humanitarian interpreting/ translation

Carmen Valero- Garcés

20 Interpreting and positionality in conflict- affected societies of Rakhine State, Myanmar

Anggi Wardani and Tengku Shahpur

21 Vaccination narratives in a multilingual society: on intercultural communication and trust

Tanya Escudero and Jekaterina Maadla

PART IV

Language strategies and solutions

22 Exploring the accuracy and appropriateness of the translation of important government information for Samoan- speaking communities in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia during the COVID- 19 crisis

Hoy Neng Wong Soon and Ineke Crezee

23 Localised terminology for COVID- 19 communication: use of vaccinerelated terminology in Arabic- speaking countries

Sonia Halimi, Razieh Azari, and Mariem Harbaoui

24 Omission and addition during crisis interpreting: a study on the Rohingya displacement

Mohammad Harun Or Rashid

25 Women’s crises and gender- aware ethical practices in simultaneous conference interpreting

Gabriela Yañez

26 Challenging the shortcomings of traditional translation in migration contexts: a translinguistic proposal for professionals in the humanitarian sector

Renato Tomei and Max Pardeilhan

27 Risk communication: experimenting with automatic speech recognition as the first step of a combined speech- to- text and machine translation tool for risk reduction during pilot– controller communications

Bettina Bajaj