The Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Institutional and Community Corrections

James M. Byrne is Professor in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative (www.glob.cci.org). His edited texts include The Social Ecology of Crime (1986), Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions (1994), The New Technology of Crime, Law and Social Control (2007), and The Culture of Prison Violence (2008). Don Hummer is Associate Professor in the School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg. His research focuses on corrections policy, violence, and the implications of technological advances for justice system actors. He is co-editor of The Culture of Prison Violence (2008) and Handbook of Police Administration (2008). Sabrina S. Rapisarda is doctoral student in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Much of Sabrina’s work has been anchored in the public health framework. Her current research investigates various aspects of the criminal justice system’s response to COVID-19.

Introduction

James Byrne, Don Hummer, and Sabrina S. Rapisarda

Global Impact Assessment

1. The Global Impact of the Pandemic on Institutional and Community Corrections: Assessing Short-Term Crisis Management and Long-Term Change Strategies

Kathryn M. Nowonty and Alex R. Piquero

2. Commentary: Assessing the Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Prison Populations

Catherine Heard

3. An Imperfect Storm: Identifying the Root Causes of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the World’s Largest Corrections Systems

James Byrne, Sabrina S. Rapisarda, Don Hummer, and Kimberly R. Kras

Africa Regional Overview and Reports from Kenya and South Africa

4. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in African Prisons and Jails

Sabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne

5. The Silver Lining in the Covid-19 Cloud: An Appraisal of Accelerated Prison Decongestion in Kenya

Mercy Deche and Conrad Bosire

6. The Social and Environmental Implications of the Novel Coronavirus on Institutional and Community Corrections in South Africa

Kimberly R. Kras and Lincoln Fitz

Asia Regional Overview and Reports from China, South Korea, Pakistan, India, and the Philippines

7. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails Throughout Asia

Sabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne

8. Correctional System’s Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Implications for Prison Reform in China

Spencer D. Li and Tzu-Hsuan Liu

9. Lock Unlock: The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Security in Pakistani and Indian Prisons

Jared R. Dmello and Sheetal Ranjan

10. National Responses for Persons Deprived of Liberty during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines

Michael B. Cahapay

11. South Korea’s Responses regarding Mitigating the COVID-19 Crisis behind Bars

Claire Seungeun Lee

Latin and South America Regional Overview and Reports from Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, And Honduras

12. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in South American Prisons and Jails

Sabrina S. Rapisarda, James M. Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo

13. The Brazilian Penitentiary System under the Threat of COVID-19

Ludmila Ribeiro and Alexandre M. A. Diniz

14. Assessing the Effects of COVID-19 in Prisons in the Northern Triangle of Central America

Wayne J. Pitts and Christopher S. Inkpen

15. Responding to COVID-19 in Latin American Prisons: The Cases of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico

Lina Marmolejo, Daniela Barberi, Marcelo Bergman, Olga Espinoza, and Gustavo Fondevila

16. Women Providing and Men Free Riding: Work, Visits and Gender Roles in Mexican Prisons

Carolina Agoff, Sveinung Sandberg, and Gustavo Fondevila

Europe Regional Overview and Reports from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Russia, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom

17. The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the Prisons, Jails, and Community Corrections Systems Throughout Europe

Sabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne

18. The Impact of Covid-19 on Prisons and Penal Policy in Germany

Frieder Dünkel

19. Fears of COVID-19 Contagion and the Italian Prison System Response

April Pattavina and Michael J. Palmieri

20. An Examination of The Romanian Prison System During The COVID-19 pandemic. Are "Zero Cases" Possible?

Ioan Durnescu and Ioana Morar

21. The Penitentiary System of Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Challenge and Initial Results

Sergei Ovchinnikov

22. Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the Future

Santiago Redondo, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, Javier Nistal, Carlos Soler, José Semedo Moreira, Joana Andrade, and Antonio Andrés-Pueyo

23. Telematic Control and Semi-Freedom as a Response to the Pandemic: The Spanish Penitentiary System Experience

Esther Montero Perez de Tudela

24. Sweden’s Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak

Maria Lindström, Emma Ahlstrand, and Jenny Kärrholm

25. Responses Taken to Mitigate COVID-19 in Prisons in England and Wales

Pauline K. Brennan

North America Regional Overview and Reports from USA and Canada

26. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean

Sabrina S. Rapisarda, James Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo

27. Institutional Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in American Prisons

Meghan A. Novisky, Chelsey S. Narvey, and Daniel C. Semenza

28. United States Bureau of Prisons’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Don Hummer

29. Adaptations to COVID-19 in Community Corrections Agencies across the United States

Jill Viglione, Lucas M. Alward, Ashley Lockwood, and Sara Bryson

30. The Response to the COVID19 Crisis by the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections

John E. Wetzel and Janeen M. Davis

31. A Case Study of the Westchester County New York’s Jail Response to COVID-19: Controlling COVID while Balancing Service Needs for the Incarcerated-A National Model for Jails

Kimberly Collica-Cox and Louis Molina

32. British Columbia Provincial Corrections’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Correctional Policy and Practice

Danielle J. Murdoch

33. Management of COVID-19 for Persons with Mental Illness in Secure Units: A Rapid International Review to Inform Practice in Québec

Ashley J. Lemieux, Audrey-Anne Dumais Michaud, Jean Damasse, Julie-Katia Morin-Major, To Nhu Nguyen, Alain Lesage, and Anne G. Crocker

Oceania Regional Overview and Reports from Australia and New Zealand

34. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in Oceania

Sabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne

35. COVID-19 and Corrections in Australia: A Summary Review of the Available Data and Literature

Jason L. Payne and Natalia Hanley

36. "We Must Go Hard and We Must Go Early": How New Zealand Halted Coronavirus in the Community and Corrections

Laura J. Murray and Kimberly R. Kras