Musics of the World

Sean Williams has taught ethnomusicology and area studies for over 30 years at The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington.

Contents

Preface
How This Book Works
Acknowledgements

I. Introduction to Ethnomusicology
Chapter 1. Welcome to Ethnomusicology!
What Ethnomusicologists Do
Being Interdisciplinary
Music Can Identify You
Are You an "Ethnomusicologist" or an "Insider"? Or Both?
What Is It about Music?
Learning to Play
What Lens Do You Use?
Are You Ready?

Chapter 2. The Elements of Music
Rhythm
Meter and Tempo
Notating Rhythm
Melody
Timbre
Harmony
Texture
Mode
Range
Silence
Putting It All Together

Chapter 3. Music and...: Focusing Your Work
Fine-Tuning Your Approach
Issues of Identity
Issues of Performance Practice
Issues of Power and Control
Issues of Belief
Other Issues

II. Africa and the Middle East
Chapter 4. West Africa
West African Development and Colonization
Common Musical Features
The Role of the Jali: A West African Bard in Gambia
Listening Guide 4.1: "Kelefaba" and "Kuruntu Kelefa" by Foday Musa Suso
Ghanaian Fontomfrom Drumming
Listening Guide 4.2: "Fontomfrom" by the Eyisam Mbensuon Group
Nigerian Jùjú Music
Listening Guide 4.3: "Asiko Mi Ti To" by Chief Commander Ebenezer Obey

Chapter 5. South Africa
Colonial History
Apartheid
South African Music
Marabi: Early Zulu Township Music
Listening Guide 5.1: "Pata Pata" by Miriam Makeba
Mbaquanga: Later Zulu Township Music
Listening Guide 5.2: "Kazet" by Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens
Isicathamiya: Zulu Choral Music
Listening Guide 5.3: "Rain Rain Beautiful Rain" by Ladysmith Black Mambazo

Chapter 6. The Arab World
The History of Music Making in the Arab World
Understanding Islam
Tonal and Rhythmic Modes in Arabic Music
Improvising within the Constraints of a Melodic Mode
Listening Guide 6.1: "Taqasim" by Simon Shaheen
Takht Ensemble Music
Listening Guide 6.2: "Longa Farahfaza" by Simon Shaheen ensemble
Post-Revolutionary Egyptian Protest Music
Listening Guide 6.3: "Es'ha" by Arabian Knightz (feat. DC Amin)

III. The Americas
Chapter 7. Brazil
Legacies of Colonization
Legacies of Slavery
Mixing European and African Spirituality
Samba
Listening Guide 7.1: "Quilombo, O El Dorado Negro" by Gilberto Gil
Bossa Nova
Listening Guide 7.2: "Chega de Saudade" by João Gilberto
Forró
Listening Guide 7.3: "O Fole Roncou" by Luis Gonzaga

Chapter 8. African America
The Development of African America
Blues
Listening Guide 8.1: "(I'm Your) Hoochie Coochie Man" by Muddy Waters
Gospel
Listening Guide 8.2: "Move On Up a Little Higher," by Mahalia Jackson
Rap within Hip Hop
Listening Guide 8.3: "The Message" by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five

Chapter 9. Native North America
Colonization Was Not the Beginning
Native North American Music is Alive
The Experience of Powwow
Listening Guide 9.1: "Blackfeet Flag Song," by the Black Lodge Singers
The Power and Importance of the Voice
Listening Guide 9.2: "My People, My Land," by Ulali
Tribal Hip Hop
Listening Guide 9.3: "Prayer Loop Song," by Supaman

IV. Asia and the Pacific
Chapter 10. China
Chinese Musical Culture Over Time
A Short Guide to Chinese Religious Philosophy
Scholarly Sounds from Ancient China: the Guqin
Listening Guide 10.1: "Wild Geese Descending on the Sandbank," by Lin Youren
Jiangnan Sizhu (Silk and Bamboo Music) and Heterophony
Listening Guide 10.2: "Moonlight Over the River in Spring," by the Shanghai Chinese Orchestra
Jingjú (Beijing Opera) and the Embodiment of Religious Philosophy
Listening Guide 10.3: "Chu Ko Liang and Two Attendants," Chinese opera

Chapter 11. India
The History of the Indian Subcontinent
Hinduism in India and its Influence on the Performing Arts
Raga and Tala, the Performance of Indian Melodic and Rhythmic Modes
North Indian Khyal Performance
Listening Guide 11.1: "Raga Gaud Malhar" by Kishori Amonkar
South Indian Vina Performance
Listening Guide 11.2: "RagaPurvikalyani" by Ranganayaki Rajagopalan
Bollywood Songs: Filmi G?t
Listening Guide 11.3: "Did Tera Devar Deewana" by Lata Mangeshkar & S.P. Balasubrahmanyam

Chapter 12. Indonesia
Religious and Colonial Influences
Central Javanese Gamelan
Listening Guide 12.1: "Ketawang: Puspawarna" by K.R.T. Wasitodipuro
Balinese Gamelan
Listening Guide 12.2: "Sekar Jupun" by Peliatan Dance Troupe
Dangdut Popular Music
Listening Guide 12.3: "Begadang II" by Rhoma Irama

V. Europe
Chapter 13. Ireland
The Historical Context of Irish Music
Irish Melodies and Modes
Singing in Irish-Gaelic and English
Listening Guide 13.1: "Anach Cuain" by Joe Heaney
Instrumental Music for Dancing and Listening
Listening Guide 13.2: "The Maids of Mount Cisco/The Old Pigeon on the Gate" by David Power
Listening Guide 13.3: "Gift from the Fairies/Drops of Brandy/Is the Big Man Within?" by James Kelly and Zan McLeod

Chapter 14. Spain
The Historical Background
Flamenco Music of Andalucia
Listening Guide 14.1: "Soleá" by María de la Burra
The Jota of Aragón
Listening Guide 14.2: "Jota Antigua" by La Orquestina del Fabirol
The Sound of the Local in Galicia
Listening Guide 14.3: "Vals de Libunca" by Milladoiro

Chapter 15. Russia
A History of Russia
Nation Building through Classical Composers and Folkloric Troupes
Music and Culture after the Revolution
The Russian Orthodox Chant
Listening Guide 15.1: "Hymn for the Day" by the Choir of the Dormition Church of the Novodevichy Covent
The Balalaika as both Musical Instrument and Symbol
Listening Guide 15.2: "Kokhanochka" by the Andreyev Balalaika Ensemble
Throat Singing in Tuva, Southern Siberia
Listening Guide 15.3: "Kozhamik with Khoomei, Sigit, and Kargiraa" by Kara-ool Tumat

e-Book Exclusive Chapters
Chapter 16. Turkey
Orientalism and its Appearance in Music
Tonal and Rhythmic Modes in Turkish Music
Music of the Sufi Mevlevi Orders (The "Whirling Dervishes")
Listening Guide 16.1: "Hicaz Taksim" by Aka Gündüz Kutbay
Fasil Instrumental Suites
Listening Guide 16.2: "Ud Taksim; Nihavent Saz Semaisi" by Necdet Yasar Ensemble
Arabesk Popular Urban Music
Listening Guide 16.3: "Bir Teselli Ver" by Orhan Gencebay

Chapter 17. The Andes
The Incan Empire, Colonialism, and Chaos
The Arrival of the Spanish
Modern Times
The Panpipes in Andean Music: Wind and Breath
Listening Guide 17.1: "Akamani" by Musicians of the Kaalaya Community
The Charango
Listening Guide 17.2: "Huayno from Ayacucho," by Louis Lamasca
Brass Bands
Listening Guide 17.3: "Danza del Turco" by Banda San Santiago de Madrigal
The Fiesta in Highland Life (written with Ellen Koskoff)

Chapter 18. The Texas-Mexico Borderlands
The Development of the Tejano Sound
Conjunto
Listening Guide 18.1: "Margarita, Margarita" by Flaco Jiménez
Banda-Orquesta
Listening Guide 18.2: "El Tejano Enamorado" by Oscar Martinez
Grupo
Listening Guide 18.3: "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" by Selena Quintanilla

Chapter 19. Japan
Japan's History and People
Solo Shakuhachi (Bamboo Flute) Music
Listening Guide 19.1: "Sagari Ha" by Tajima Tadashi
Gagaku (Imperial Court Ensemble) Music
Listening Guide 19.2: "Etenraku" by the Imperial Court Ensemble of Japan
Kumi-daiko (taiko drumming ensemble)
Listening Guide 19.3: "Suwa-Ikazuchi" by the O-Suwa Daiko Drums ensemble

Chapter 20. Hawai'i
Early Sound and Movement
Colonization
Contemporary Hawaiian Music and Dance
Mele Hula Chant and Song
Listening Guide 20.1: "Hole Waimea" by Lokalia Montgomery
The 'Ukulele
Listening Guide 20.2: "Aloha 'Oe" by Eddie Kamae
Slack Key Guitar
Listening Guide 20.3: "Hi'ilawe" by Gabby Pahinui

Chapter 21. Bulgaria
Who Are the Roma?
Bulgarian Wedding Dance Music
Listening Guide 21.1: "Hristianova Kopanitsa" by Ivo Papasov
Vocal Harmony
Listening Guide 21.2: "Dimyaninka" by the Filip Koutev Ensemble
Bulgarian Music Abroad
Listening Guide 21.3: "Bulgarian Chicks" by Balkan Beat Box

Chapter 22. Fieldwork
How Does One Do "Fieldwork"?
Case Studies in Fieldwork
Writing about Fieldwork

Glossary and Pronunciation Guide
List of Suggested Resources for Further Study
Bibliography
Index