Violence

Alex Alvarez, PhD, is a professor in the department of criminology and criminal justice at Northern Arizona University. From 2001 until 2003, he was the founding director of the Martin-Springer Institute for Teaching the Holocaust, Tolerance, and Humanitarian Values. In 2017–2018, he served as the Ida E. King Distinguished Visiting Scholar in Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Stockton University. His first book, Governments, Citizens, and Genocide, was published by Indiana University Press in 2001. His other books include Murder American Style (2002), Genocidal Crimes (2009), Native America and the Question of Genocide (2014), and Unsteady Ground: Climate Change, Conflict, and Genocide (2017). He has also served as an editor for the journal Violence and Victims, was a founding coeditor of the journal Genocide Studies and Prevention, and is an editor for Genocide Studies International. He has been invited to speak and present his research across North America and Europe. Ronet D. Bachman, PhD, worked as a statistician at the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, before going back to an academic career; she is now a professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware. She is coauthor of Statistical Methods for Criminology and Criminal Justice and coeditor of Explaining Criminals and Crime: Essays in Contemporary Criminal Theory. In addition, she is the author of Death and Violence on the Reservation and coauthor of Stress, Culture, and Aggression; Murder American Style; and Violence: The Enduring Problem, along with numerous articles and papers that examine the epidemiology and etiology of violence, with particular emphasis on women, the elderly, and minority populations as well as research examining desistance from crime. Her most recent federally funded research was a mixed-methods study that examined the long-term desistance trajectories of criminal justice involved drug-involved individuals who have been followed with both quantitative and interview data for nearly thirty years. Her current state-funded research is assessing the needs of violent crime victims, especially those whose voices are rarely heard such as loved ones of homicide victims.  

Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Defining Violence
Connecting Violence
Defining Violence
Measuring Violence
Violence and U.S. Society
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 2. Why Do We Do It?
Ethological and Biological Explanations of Violence
Psychological Explanations of Violence
Sociological Explanations of Violence
Explaining Collective Violence
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 3. Assault and Murder: A Continuum of Violence
Defining Assault and Homicide
Violent Interactions
What Are We Doing About Murder?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 4. Serial, Mass, and Spree Killing
Serial Murder
Spree Murder
Mass Murder
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 5. Violence in the Home
Intimate Partner Violence
How Many Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Are There?
Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence
What Are We Doing About Intimate Partner Violence?
Violence in Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/ Transgender/Queer (LGBTQ) Relationships
Stalking
What Are We Doing About Stalking?
Child Abuse
What Are We Doing About Physical Child Abuse?
Elder Abuse
What Are We Doing About Elder Abuse?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 6. Rape and Sexual Assault
How Many Rape and Sexual Assault Victims Are There?
Rape on College Campuses
Rape In Prison
Rape and the U.S. Military
Genocide and Rape
Human Trafficking
Factors Related to Sexual Violence
What Are We Doing About Rape?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 7. Stranger Crime and Street Violence
Robbery
What Are We Doing About Street Robbery?
Bank Robbery
Workplace Violence
Street Gang Violence
What Are We Doing About Street Gang Violence?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 8. Hate Crimes
Violent Hate Crimes
James Byrd Jr. and Matthew Shepard: Catalysts for Modern Hate Crime Legislation
What Is a Hate Crime?
How Frequently Are Hate Crimes Carried Out?
Race-Based Hate Crime
Religion-Based Hate Crime
Hate Groups
Immigration and Hate
How Can We Combat Hate Crime?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 9. Crowd Violence
Mobs and Crowds
Mob Mentality
Riots
Race Riots
Vigilantism
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 10. Terrorism
Defining Terrorism
History of Terrorism
How Frequent Are Terrorist Acts?
Types of Terrorism
Who Becomes a Terrorist?
Tactics and Weapons
What Are We Doing About Terrorism?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 11. Genocide
Defining Genocide
A History of Genocide
Why Do Genocides Happen?
Precursors to Genocide
Perpetrators of Genocide
Who Are the Victims of Genocide?
When People Do Nothing: The Bystanders to Genocide
What Are We Doing About Genocide?
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 12. Toward Violence Prevention
Costs of Violence
How Do We Know What Works?
Criminal Justice Responses to Violence
Violence as a Public Health Problem
Conclusions
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Endnotes
Glossary
Index
About the Authors