Multicultural Psychology (eBook)

Pamela Balls Organista is Professor of Psychology and Associate Dean for Social Sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of San Francisco. Her research interests are in the areas of ethnic minority health issues and prevention, including migrant laborers and AIDS, and stress and coping in primary care patients. She is the founding faculty coordinator of the Ethnic Studies Program.Gerardo Marín was Professor Emeritus of Psychology and former Senior Vice Provost at the University of San Francisco and an APA Fellow. He wrote more than 135 publications on topics that are relevant to Hispanics, including cultural norms and attitudes, risk behaviors, culturally appropriate methodology, tobacco use, and acculturation.Kevin M. Chun is Professor of Psychology and co-founding faculty member of Asian Pacific American Studies and Critical Diversity Studies programs at the University of San Francisco. His research focuses on acculturation processes and their influences on immigrant health and psychosocial adjustment. He is a Fellow of the Asian American Psychological Association (AAPA).

PrefaceIntroductionChapter One. Psychology in a Multicultural WorldWhat is Multicultural Psychology?Multicultural Psychology and Multiculturalism Effects of Living in a Multicultural SocietyThe United States as a Racially and Ethnically Diverse SocietyWithin-Group Diversity AncestryRace and EthnicityAge DifferencesLanguage Use and ProficiencyEducational AttainmentSocioeconomic Status and PovertyWhy Study Multicultural Psychology?Improving Psychological ResearchAdvancing Culturally Diverse SocietiesImproving the Quality of Health and Human ServicesPromoting Cultural CompetenciesMulticultural Psychology, Cultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural PsychologyThe Growth of Multicultural PsychologyChapter Two. Key Theoretical ConceptsUnderstanding CultureDimensions of CultureCultural Influences on Psychological ProcessesUnderstanding EthnicityThe Problems of Ethnic Assessment and LabelsUnderstanding RaceWhitenessSocial Orientations or Ways of BeingViews of the Self Across CulturesSocial StratificationMinority StatusPower and PrivilegeChapter Three. Responsible Research with Racial and Ethnic CommunitiesResponsible, Culturally Appropriate ResearchA Definition of Responsible, Culturally Appropriate ResearchImplementing Responsible, Culturally Appropriate ResearchAn Initial Consideration: ContextualizationCulturally Appropriate MethodsChoosing a Research ApproachKey Issues in Developing Responsible, Culturally Appropriate ResearchInstrument CharacteristicsProperly Identifying and Describing ParticipantsCulturally Appropriate Analysis of Information or DataThe Problem of Limited Participation in ResearchEthical ConsiderationsInformed ConsentFreedom to Discontinue ParticipationRespect for Privacy and ConfidentialityAppropriate Balance Between Risks or Costs and BenefitsChapter Four. AcculturationDefining AcculturationEarly DefinitionsContemporary DefinitionsUnderstanding Assimilation and Segmented AssimilationModels of AcculturationThe Unidirectional Model of AcculturationBerry’s Two Dimensional Model of AcculturationA Social Context Model of AcculturationThe Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM)The Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM)BiculturalismEnculturationGenerational Differences and AcculturationAcculturational StressMeasuring AcculturationLevels of AcculturationChapter Five. Intersectional Identities Part I: Racial, Ethnic and Class DimensionsUnderstanding the Multiple and Intersecting Dimensions of IdentityDefining Racial, Ethnic and Class IdentitiesRacial IdentityEthnic IdentityClass IdentityModels of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development and FormationRacial Identity DevelopmentEthnic Identity DevelopmentFactors Shaping Ethnic Identity DevelopmentMultiracial Identity DevelopmentRacial, Ethnic and Class Influences on Psychological AdjustmentRacial Identity and AdjustmentEthnic Identity and AdjustmentBiracial/Multiracial Identities and AdjustmentClass Identity and AdjustmentChapter Six. Intersecting Identities Part II: Gender and Sexuality DimensionsDefining Gender and Sexual IdentitiesGender IdentitySexual IdentityModels of Gender and Sexual Identity Development and FormationGender Typing and Gender Identity FormationSexual Identity FormationCultural, Family and Minority Considerations in “Coming Out”Asian AmericansLatinosAfrican AmericansRelationship of Gender and Sexual Identities to Psychosocial AdjustmentGender Identity and AdjustmentSexual Identity and AdjustmentChapter Seven. Family Structure, Relations, and SocializationAn Ecological Perspective of Family FunctioningHow Do You Define a Family? Factors Affecting Family Structures and HouseholdArrangementsMigrationSocioeconomic Status (SES)Exposure to Stress and TraumaCultural Values and BeliefFamily Functioning, Socialization, and AdjustmentParenting StylesParent-Child RelationshipsAcademic AchievementCouple RelationshipsFamily Stress and CopingChapter Eight. Stereotypes, Prejudice and DiscriminationUnderstanding StereotypesStereotype ContentDevelopment of StereotypesStereotype Characteristics and EffectsPrejudice and DiscriminationMeasuring Prejudice and DiscriminationThe Experience of DiscriminationWhy Do People Discriminate?RacismRacial MicroaggressionsReducing Prejudice, Discrimination, and RacismIntergroup ContactDialogue across DifferenceSchool DesegregationOther Promising PracticesThe Benefits of a Multicultural SocietyChapter Nine. Physical Health and WellbeingInfluential Models of HealthBiomedical ModelBiopsychosocial ModelEcological ModelsCulture, Ethnicity, and HealthHealth Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic GroupsDefining Health DisparitiesExamples of Health DisparitiesDisparities in Healthcare Access and QualityFactors Associated With Health DisparitiesBehavioral LifestyleAcculturationAccessible and Affordable Health CarePoverty and Community CharacteristicsUndocumented StatusDiscrimination and RacismEnvironmental RacismSpirituality and ReligionReducing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: The Federal Government’s ApproachCulturally Competent Health CareChapter Ten. Psychological AdjustmentMental Health and Psychological DistressA Broader Perspective on AdjustmentPrevalence and Risk of Major Psychological DisordersGeneral Epidemiological SurveysSurveys Specific to Ethnic Minority CommunitiesMajor Disorders in Ethnic Minority PopulationsCultural Influences on the Explanation and Expression of Psychological DistressService UtilizationSelected Factors Influencing Effective Delivery of Mental Health ServicesPractical and Ethical Guidelines for Culturally Sensitive PracticeReferencesPhoto CreditIndex