Therapeutic Farms (eBook)

Dr. Loue is a Professor in the Department of Bioethics and serves as the Vice Dean for Faculty Development and Diversity in the School of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. She has secondary appointments in the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Psychiatry, and Global Health and at MSASS, the Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences. Dr. Loue holds graduate degrees in law (J.D.), epidemiology (Ph.D.), medical anthropology (Ph.D.), social work (M.S.S.A.), and secondary education (M.A.). She is also ordained as an interfaith minister. Dr. Loue’s primary research focus is on HIV risk and prevention and family violence in marginalized communities, such as non-English speakers, immigrants, sexual and ethnic/racial minorities, and persons with severe mental illness. Other research interests include forensic epidemiology, severe mental illness, and ethical issues in the conduct of research with vulnerable persons. She has authored over 70 peer-reviewed articles and 58 book chapters, and has authored and/or edited 27 books.

Preface 6
Acknowledgments 8
Contents 10
Chapter 1: The Development of the Therapeutic Farm 13
The European Origins of Moral Treatment 13
Moral Treatment in North America 16
Evolving Understandings of Mental Illness 16
The Adoption of Moral Treatment and the Development of the Asylum 17
Principles of Moral Treatment 18
Moral Architecture 20
The Demise of Moral Treatment 21
Therapeutic Farms in Europe and the United States Today 23
Europe 23
United States 25
Notes 26
References 27
Chapter 2: Programmatic Approaches 31
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies 31
Horticultural Activities, Therapeutic Horticulture, and Horticultural Therapy 33
Animal-Assisted Activity, Intervention, and Therapy 34
Expressive Therapies: Art, Music, Movement, Dance, and Sandplay 36
Art Activities, Art as Therapy, and Art Therapy 36
Music and Music Therapy 38
Sandplay Therapy 39
Physical Activities 40
Spiritual and Religious Activities 42
References 43
Chapter 3: Approaches to Organizational Structure and Financing 50
Organizing and Financing Care Farms in Europe 50
The Impetus for the Development of Care Farms 50
Conceptual Frameworks 51
Organizational Models 52
Approaches to Financing 54
Challenges Associated with Care Farm Services for Persons with Mental Illness 55
Marketing the Care Farm Concept 56
The Organization and Financing of US-Based Therapeutic Farms 56
The Impetus for the Development of Therapeutic Farms 56
The Organization of Therapeutic Farms 57
Approaches to Financing 58
Challenges Facing Therapeutic Farms 59
References 60
Chapter 4: Hopewell Therapeutic Farm Community 62
Hopewell Therapeutic Farm Community: Overview 62
Programming 66
Work 66
Music and Art 68
Nature Programming 69
Medication Management, Counseling, and Therapy 72
Additional Activities 74
Program Effectiveness 74
Visioning the Future 76
References 78
Chapter 5: CooperRiis Healing Community 79
The Establishment of CooperRiis Healing Community 79
History and Mission 79
Understanding Recovery 80
Phases of Recovery and Levels of Care 80
Programming 83
Outcomes 86
References 88
Chapter 6: Slí Eile 89
The Establishment of Slí Eile 89
Programming 91
Outcomes 97
Looking Toward the Future 97
Appendix 99
References 105
Chapter 7: Moving Forward: Exploring Current Challenges and New Directions 106
The Client-Community Relationship 106
Staffing Considerations 109
Leadership Challenges 110
Financial Challenges 110
Therapeutic Farms, Politics, and the Public 112
Looking Forward 113
The Client-Community Relationship 114
Staffing Considerations 114
Financial and Political Issues 115
Unanswered Questions: A Suggested Research Agenda 115
References 117
Index 119