The Gender Communication Connection

Teri Kwal Gamble is professor of communication at the College of New Rochelle. Michael W. Gamble is professor of communication at New York Institute of Technology in Manhattan.

Part I: Foundations of Gender Communication





1. Why We Study Gender Communication


The Gendered World: Where Would You Like to Go From Here?


This is His- and Her-Story


Exploring Gender Today


Conceptual and Perceptual Foundations


Distinguishing Sex and Gender


Communication Cultures


Communication and Gender: Which is the Catalyst?


The Merging of Communication and Gender


Communicating Our Confusion


Changing Communication Paradigms


More Principles of Gendered Communication


Gendered Communication is Dynamic


Gendered Communication is Systemic


Gendered Communication is Pervasive


Gendered Communication is Learned


Reassessing Gender and Communication: Goals and Assumptions, Questions and Quandaries


Chapter Recap


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2. Developing Gender Roles and Identities


Gender Identity and the "I" of the Beholder


Theories of Identity: Theoretical Approaches


Biology Matters: Biological Influences on Gender


Psychology Matters: Psychological Influences on Gender


Social Roles Matter: Social Influences on Gender


Culture Matters: Cultural Influences on Gender


The Development of Self-Concept


Self-Image and Self-Esteem


Reflected Appraisal Theory and Self-Concept


Social Learning Theory and Self-Concept


Education and Self-Concept


Media and Self-Concept


Culture and Self-Concept


Comparing the Self-Concepts of Males and Females


Reassessing Gender and Identity: Exploring Alternative Self-Orientations


Chapter Recap


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3. Verbal Styles of Gendered Expression


Language in Our Lives


Language and Its Uses


The Language-Thought-Behavior Relationship


The Power of Language


Words and Gender Perceptions: Can We Move Beyond Stereotypes?


The Effects of Language Socialization


Sexist Language and The Shaping of Reality


The Language of Conversation: How We Speak


We Speak Different Genderlects


Gender-Based Misinterpretations: What Really Happens When Men and Women Talk to Each Other?


Fact or Myth: Women Talk More than Men


Fact or Myth: Women Interrupt Others More than Men


Fact or Myth: Men are Dismissive of Women's Feelings


Fact or Myth: Women and Men Agree on the Purpose of Talk in Relationship Development


Reassessing Gender and Language


Chapter Recap


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4. Nonverbal Styles of Gendered Expression


Dimensions of Nonverbal Communication


The Functions of Nonverbal Messages


Message Reinforcement or Complementation


Message Negation


Message Substitution


Message Accentuation or Intensification


Message Regulation


Nonverbal Cues: Key Parts of the Communication Package


Conveying and Interpreting Nonverbal Expressiveness


Exploring Nonverbal Cues from a Gender Perspective


Kinesics: The Body's Language


Haptics: Touch


Proxemics


Paralinguistics


Artifacts


Reassessing Gendered Nonverbal Communication


Chapter Recap


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5. Gendered Perception and Listening Styles


The Perception Process and Gender: Selection, Organization, Interpretation and Response


Selection: What Do You Notice?


Organization: How Do You Categorize?


Interpretation: What Does It Mean?


Responding: How Do You React?


The Listening Styles of Men and Women


Who Gets Heard?


Listening Behaviors of Men and Women


Reassessing Gender, Perception, and Listening


Chapter Recap


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Revisiting Part I: Discovering and Building Connections





Part II: Gender's Role in Creating and Maintaining Personal Relationships





6. Gender Communication and Friendships


The Nature of Friendship


Friendship vs. Other Kinds of Relationships


How Friendships Develop: Two Models


The Gendering of Friendship


Friendship in Your Life


A Closer Look at Same-Sex Friendships


Women Friending Women


Men Friending Men


A Closer Look at Mixed-Sex Friendships


Men and Women Friending Each Other


The Effects of Roles and Social Opportunities on Friendship


Reassessing Gender and Friendship


Chapter Recap


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7. Gender Communication and Romance


Gender and Romance


The Intimacy Factor


Romantic Relationship Stages


Stage 1: Initiating


Stage 2: Experimenting


Stage 3: Intensifying


Stage 4: Integrating


Stage 5: Bonding


Stage 6: Differentiating


Stage 7: Circumscribing


Stage 8: Stagnating


Stage 9: Avoiding


Stage 10: Terminating


Gender Influences on Decisions and Tensions in Romantic Relationships


Gender and Romantic Relationships Facilitators


Reassessing Gender in Romantic Relationships


Chapter Recap


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8. Gender Communication and Family


The Family: A Gendered-Person Factory


The Family System: Gender in Action


The Family as Theme Factory


The Family as Gender-Maker


Sex-Role Development


Parent-Child Attitudes and Interaction Preferences


Power in the Family


Intimacy and Family Relations


Family Member Autonomy and Dependence


Empathy and Family Relations


Diversity and the Family


Couplehoods


Single-Parent Families


Dual-Worker/Dual-Career Families


Families and Gender, Race, and Class


Reassessing Gender and Family Matters


Chapter Recap


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Revisiting Part II: Discovering and Building Connections:





Part III: Gender Communication in Context





9. Gender Communication in Education


The Education/Gender Communication Challenge


Gender Communication in Elementary and Secondary Schools


Gendered Messages Sent Girls


Gendered Messages Sent Boys


The Higher Education Scene


Title IX: Its Impact in Class and on the Field


Administratively Speaking: Who's in Charge?


Reassessing Gender in Education: Proposed Remedies


Chapter Recap


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10. Gender Communication in the Workplace


The Socialization of Gendered Workers


Gender Bias and the Job Interview


Organization Diversification


Diversity's Effects


Sex and Race Segregation in the Workplace


Gender Role Bias


Role Stereotypes for Men


Role Stereotypes for Women


Handling Relationships in the Workplace


Hurdling Advancement Barriers


Workplace Bullies


Workplace Stressors


The Glass Ceiling and the Sticky Floor


Sexual Harassment-Gender Based Discrimination


Leading the Way: The Leadership Styles of Men and Women


Reassessing Gender and Work Matters


Chapter Recap


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11. Gender Communication and Health


Health and Gender: Is it a Matter of Difference?


Gendered Perceptions of Health


Manhood and Womanhood: Health Norms, Markers, and Hormones


Mind Over Matter: The Psychological Health of Men and Women


The Gendering of Patients and Their Doctors


Gender Ideals Affect Health


The Dark Side of Intimacy


Health Implications of Divorce and Social Isolation


Health Implications of Gendered Violence and Gendered Fear


Violence Against Partners


The Impact on Health of Gendered Violence in Sports


Caregiving and Expressing Feelings: Gendered Differences


Reassessing Gender and Health


Chapter Recap


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12. Gender Communication and the Law


The Law and Gender Equity


Equal Protection and Opportunity Laws


Sexual Harassment, Rape, Violence, and the Law


Sexual Harassment and U.S. Law


Sexual Assault, Rape, Violence, and the Law


The Law, Divorce, and Parental Rights


The Recommended Child Custody Policy


Reassessing Gender and the Law


Chapter Recap


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Revisiting Part III: Discovering and Building Connections





Part IV: Issues and Challenges in Gender Communication





13. Gender in Media and Technology


The Gendering of Media and Technology


Gendertizing


Advertising and the Sex Roles of Women


Advertising and the Sex Roles of Men


Advertising and Gendering in Children


Advertising and Diversity


Gendered Films and Television Shows, Audiences, and Awards


Viewing Effects


Music Videos


Awards


Gender and Sports Media


"Women's Sports" vs. "Sports"


Behind the Mike


Sports, the Military, and Coming Out


Gendering and Technology


Reassessing Gender, Media, and Technology


Chapter Recap


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14. Conflict, Power, and Gender Violence


Exploring Violence in Relationships


The Alarming Statistics


Profiling the Abuser


Gender and Conflict


Differences in Conflict-Handling Behavior: Traditional Expectations


Contradicting the Expected: Nontraditional Conflict-Handling Behaviors


Gender and Power


Power, Gender Intimidation, and Violence


The Dynamics of Physical Violence and Abuse of Power


The Dynamics of Sexual Assault and Rape


Dispelling Rape and Sexual Violence Myths


Reassessing Conflict, Power, and Gender Violence: The Need to Denormalize Violence


Chapter Recap


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15. Gender and Social Movements: Reconsidering the Past and Preparing For the Future


The Past is Prologue


Women's Movements


Liberal Feminism


Social Feminism


Radical Feminism


Feminism: The First Wave


Feminism: The Second Wave


Feminism: The Third Wave


A Note on Backlash Movements


Men's Movements


The Profeminist Men's Movement


Promasculinist Men's Movements


The Mythopoetic Men's Movement


The National Coalition of Free Men


The Promise Keepers


The Million-Man March


Reassessing Women and Men's Movements


Chapter Recap


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Revisiting Part IV: Discovering and Building Connections