Research Handbook on Surrogacy and the Law

Edited by Katarina Trimmings, Professor of Law, School of Law, University of Aberdeen, UK, Sharon Shakargy, Judge Harry M. Fisher Associate Professor in Private International and Interreligious Law, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel and Claire Achmad, Guest Lecturer, Department of Child Law, Faculty of Law, Universiteit Leiden, the Netherlands

Contents:

1 Surrogacy and the law: an introduction 1
Katarina Trimmings, Sharon Shakargy and Claire Achmad

PART I SURROGACY AND RIGHTS
2 The significance of genetics in surrogacy 8
Nola Cammu and Machteld Vonk
3 Surrogacy and global justice 24
Kimberly Mutcherson
4 Surrogacy and the ‘best interests principle’ 40
Claire Fenton-Glynn
5 Surrogacy, intermediaries, and the sale of children 54
David Smolin and Maud de Boer-Buquicchio
6 Child’s right to identity in surrogacy 108
Mia Dambach and Nigel Cantwell
7 Surrogacy and discrimination 130
Nensi Sinanaj
8 Surrogacy in the ECtHR and the European Institutions 151
Alina Tryfonidou
9 Surrogacy, feminism and LGBTQ2S+ family building 169
Vanessa Gruben, Stefanie Carsley and Alicia Czarnowski
10 International human rights law and the rights of women in reproductive
surrogacy: between principle and pragmatism 187
Yasmine Ergas

PART II INTERFACE BETWEEN SURROGACY AND DIFFERENT
AREAS OF LAW
11 Surrogacy and contract law 207
Brian H. Bix
12 Surrogacy and employment law 223
Annick Masselot and Martha Ceballos
13 Surrogacy and criminal law 240
Ilona Cairns and Molly O’Donoghue
14 Surrogacy and bioethics 263
Malcolm Smith, Jayne Hewitt and Patricia Fronek
PART III CROSS-BORDER DIMENSIONS
15 Surrogacy in private international law 283
Sharon Shakargy
16 Surrogacy and the Hague Conference on Private International Law 296
Laura Martínez-Mora
17 Nationality and immigration obstacles in cross-border surrogacy arrangements 320
Michael Wells-Greco

PART IV REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES
18 Western European approaches to surrogacy 340
Cristina González Beilfuss
19 Recent changes in Russian law on surrogacy in the Eastern European context 354
Olga A. Khazova
20 Surrogacy in the Anglo world: the UK, Australia, Canada and New
Zealand Research handbook on surrogacy and the law 377
Mary Keyes
21 Surrogacy in Asia 396
Elizabeth H. Aguiling-Pangalangan
22 Surrogacy in the United States of America: from prohibition to permission 437
Sital Kalantry
23 Surrogacy in South America 454
Nieve Rubaja
24 Gestational surrogacy in Muslim-majority states 476
Andrea Büchler and Arezoo Sang Bastian
25 Surrogacy in the Pacific 492
Unaisi Narawa
26 Surrogacy in Africa 504
Julia Sloth-Nielsen