Pharmaceutical Calculations

Introduction Some Fundamentals of Measurement and Calculation Numbers and Numerals Kinds of Numbers Arabic Numerals Roman Numerals Common and Decimal Fractions Exponential Notation Fundamental Arithmetic Operations with Exponentials Ratio, Proportion, and Variation Dimensional Analysis Significant Figures Estimation Percentage of Error Measurement of Volume Measurement of Weight Aliquot Method of Weighing and Measuring Least Weighable Quantity Method of Weighing Interpretation of the Prescription or Medication Order Medication Scheduling and Patient Compliance The Metric System Measure of Length Measure of volume Measure of Weight Fundamental Computations Relation of Metric to Other Systems of Measurement Calculation of Doses Calibration of Droppers Calculations in Miscellaneous Dosage Problems Special Dosing Considerations for the Pediatric and Elderly Drug Dosage Based on Age Drug Dosage Based on Body Weight Drug Dosage Based on Body Surface Area Special Dosing Considerations in Cancer Chemotherapy Clinical Laboratory Test Values and Dosage Heparin Dosing Calculations Reducing and Enlarging Formulas Formulas that Specify Amounts of Ingredients Formulas that Specify Proportional Parts Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific volume Density Specific Gravity Density Versus Specific Gravity Calculating the Specific Gravity of Liquids Calculating the Specific Gravity of Solids Calculating the Specific Volume Use of Specific Gravity in Calculations of Weight and Volume Percentage, Ratio Strength, and Other Expressions of Concentration Percentage Percentage Preparations Percentage Weight-in-Volume Percentage Volume-in Volume Percentage Weight-Weight Use of Percent in Compendial Standards Ratio Strength Simple Conversions of Concentration to "mg/mL" Milligrams Percent Expressing Clinical Laboratory Test Values Parts per Million (PPM) and Parts per Billion (PPB) Dilution and Concentration Relationship Between Strength and Total Quantity Dilution and Concentration of Liquids Stock Solutions Dilution of Alcohol Dilution of Acids Dilution and Concentration of Solids Triturations Alligation Specific Gravity of Mixtures Isotonic Solutions Preparation of Isotonic Solutions Electrolyte Solutions:Milliequivalents, Millimoles, and Milliosmoles Millimoles Osmolarity Clinical Considerations and Calculations Some Calculations Involving Units, jug/mg, and other Measures of Potency Constituted Solutions, Intravenous Admixtures, and Rate of Flow Calculations Constitution of Dry Powders Intravenous Admixtures Parenteral Nutrition Rate of Flow of Intravenous Fluids Some calculations in Contemporary Compounding Use of Prefabricated Dosage Forms in Compounding Pharmaceutical Formulas Body Mass Index and the Nutrition Label Body Mass index (BMI) The Nutrition Label Some calculations Associated with Drug Availability and Pharmacokinetics Drug Availability from Dosage Forms and Delivery Systems Some introductory Concepts and Calculations Involved in Pharmacokinetics Dosage