Common Discourse Particles in English Conversation

Lawrence C. Schourup

Preface; List of Symbols; 1 Introduction; 1.1 General Remarks 1.2 Covert Thinking in Conversation 1.3 Three ‘Worlds’ of the Speaker 1.4 Routinization 1.5 Use of speech Materials 1.6 Outline of Remaining Chapters; 2 Evinces; 2.1 Interjections and Evincives 2.2 Evincives in Quotations 2.2.1 ‘Well’ and ‘Oh’ in quotations 2.3 Enquoting 2.4 Quotation 2.5 Summary; 3 ‘Like’; 3.1 ‘Like’ in conversation 3.2 ‘Like’ Introducing Direct Discourse 3.3 ‘Like’ After Questions 3.4 The ‘For Example’ Use 3.5 ‘Like as an Interjection 3.6 ‘It’s Like’ 3.7 conclusion; 4 ‘Well’; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 ‘Well’ Before Exclamations 4.3 ‘Well’ Introducing Direct Discourse 4.4 Topic Shifting 4.5 ‘Well’ Before Answers 4.6 ‘Well’ Before Questions 4.7 ‘Well’ and Self-Repair 4.8 ‘Well’ and Other-Repair 4.9 Sentence-Final ‘Well’ 4.10 Reduced ‘Well’ 4.11 ‘Well’ and Narrative Elision 4.12 ‘Well’ and ‘Intension’ 4.13 Conclusion; 5 ‘You Know’; 5.1 Preliminary Remarks 5.2 YK as a Truth Parenthetical 5.3 YK and Properties of Truth Parentheticals 5.4 Evidence for two Types of YK 5.5 The Use of YKb 5.6 A Third YK? 5.7 Discourse Functions of YKb 5.7.1 Topic Introduction 5.7.2 Topic Tracking 5.7.3 YKb and Repair 5.8 YKb as a ‘Sociocentric Sequence’ 5.9 Interrogative YK 5.10 YK and Turn Taking 5.11 Distribution of YK: Some Quantitative Results 5.12 Conclusion; 6 The Role of Discourse Particles in Conversation; 6.1 General Remarks 6.2 ‘Now’ 6.3 ‘I Mean’ 6.4 ‘Mind You’ 6.5 ‘Sort O(f)’, ‘Kind O(f)’, ‘An(d) Stuff’, ‘An(d) Everything’, ‘An(d) so on’, etc. 6.6 Interjections 6.7 Types of Disclosure Functions 6.8 General Summary; Footnotes; References