Nineteenth-Century Gardens and Gardening

Dr Sarah Dewis followed a career in graphic design at the BBC and completed her doctorate at Birkbeck University of London. She contributed to The Lure of Illustration in Nineteenth Centiury Picture and Press (2009) and to the Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland (2009). She has lectured at the Institute of Historical Research (2014) and is the author of The Loudons and the Gardening Press (2014). Dr Brent Elliott was Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society from 1982 to 2007, and since 2007 has been the Society’s Historian. He is the author of Victorian Gardens (1986), Treasures of the Royal Horticultural Society (1994), The Country House Garden (1995), Flora: an Illustrated History of the Garden Flower (2001), The Royal Horticultural Society: a History 1804-2004 (2004), and most recently, RHS Chelsea Flower Show: a Centenary Celebration (2013). A former editor of Garden History, he is currently editor of Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library. He is a member of the Victorian Society’s Buildings Committee, and for 25 years was a member of the Historic Parks and Gardens Committee/Panel of English Heritage.

Volume 2 – Community

List of illustrations

Acknowledgments

General Introduction

Introduction to volume 2

Part 1. Gardens for the Poor

a) Allotments, Community and Productivity

1. John Denson, ‘Letter 9’, A Peasant’s Voice to Landowners (1830), pp. 59-64

2. George Treweeke Scobell ‘On Field Gardens for the Labouring Poor’, ‘Rules and Regulations at Midsomer Norton’ (appendix), The Labourer’s Friend: a selection from the publications of the Labourers' Friend Society, showing the utility and national advantage of allotting land for Cottage Husbandry (1831), (1835), pp. 81-86, 282-284

3. James Orange, Cottage Garden Plan Considered: Restoration of Ancient Rights, A Plea on Behalf of the Poor (December 1840) 1841, pp. 36-52

4. Richard Jefferies, ‘On Allotment Gardens’, New Quarterly Magazine, vol. 4 (1875), pp. 1-12, 17-20, 23-32

5.Thomas Hardy, ‘Phase the Sixth, the Convert’, Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891; 1895 edn), pp. 449-451

6. Joseph Arch, ‘The Causes of Agricultural Depression’, From Ploughtail to Parliament (1898; 1986 edn), pp. 342-345

7. Anon, ‘Children’s Gardens’, (‘Der Kindergarten’), Illustrirete Garten-Zeitung, vol. 28 (1884), pp. 79-81

b) Ornamental Cottage Gardens and Corporate Gardens

8. Robert Owen, ‘Essay Third’, A New View of Society: Or, Essays on the Formation of Human Character Preparatory to the Development of a Plan for Gradually Ameliorating the Condition of Mankind, 3rd edn (1817), pp. 85-88, 119-122

9. J. C. Loudon, ‘The Village of Harlaxton, Harlaxton Manor’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 16 (July 1840), 337-341

10. George Meredith, ‘Kentish Family’, Rhoda Fleming (1865) vol. 1, pp. 10-12, 16-18

11. Anon., ‘Gardens on a Roof in London’ (‘Les jardins sur les toits à Londres’), Belgique Horticole, vol. 10 (1860), pp. 220-221

12. William Morris, ‘A Factory as it Might Be’, Justice: The Organ of the Social Democracy (17 May 1884), p. 2

13. Reginald Brabazon, ‘Decay of Bodily Strength in Towns’, Nineteenth Century, vol. 21 (1887), pp. 673-676

Part 4. Gardens for the Dead: Cemeteries

14. George Alfred Walker, Gatherings from Graveyards (1839), pp. 147-153

15. John Strang, Necropolis Glasguensis (1831), pp. 41-48

16. John Claudius Loudon, On the Laying Out, Planting and Managing of Cemeteries (1843), pp. 14-16, 18-22, 53-56, 67-70

17. Andrew Jackson Downing, ‘Public Cemeteries and Public Gardens’, from Rural Essays (1853), pp. 154-159

18. Jacob Bigelow, History of the Cemetery of Mount Auburn (1860), pp. 14-19; 19-20, 117-122

19. Edmond Saul Dixon, extract from ‘Gardening’, Quarterly Review, vol. 89 (1851), pp. 1-32

20. J. Robson, ‘Maidstone Cemetery’, Journal of Horticulture (21 March 1872), pp. 256-258

21. William Robinson, God’s Acre Beautiful (1880), pp. 1-3, 11-17, 27-40

22. Mrs Basil Holmes, The London Burial Grounds (1896), pp. 232-249, 273-274

23. Goncourt brothers, Germinie Lacerteux (1865) [trans. 1892], pp. 268-272

Part 2. Setting the Scene

24. J. C. Loudon, ‘Of the Different Conditions of Men Engaged in the Practice or Pursuit of Gardening’, Encyclopaedia of Gardening (1822), pp. 1199-1202

a) Training and Social Status

25. J. C. Loudon, ‘Of the Education of Gardeners’, Encyclopaedia of Gardening (1822), pp. 1322 - 1332

26. Anon, ‘Horticultural Institute of Fromont, created and administered by M. Soulange-Bodin’ (’L’institut horticole de Fromont, crée et dirgé par M. le Chevalier Soulange-Bodin’), Revue Horticole (April- June, 1829), pp. 36-37

27. ‘Report of the Committee’ in extenso, last number of the Proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society, London, vol. 5. no. 8 (August to November 1865), pp. 153-160

28. Maxwell T. Masters, ‘School of Gardening’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (2 April 1881), p. 437, ‘Practice’, ‘The Crystal Palace School of Gardening’ (7 May), 603-604, Edward Milner, ‘Crystal Place Company’s School of Gardening’, ‘OP’, untitled response (14 May), p. 636

29. Donald Beaton, ‘My Autobiography’, Cottage Gardener and Country Gentleman (28 November 1855), pp. 153-156

30. D. T. Fish, ‘British Gardeners,’ no. 18, Gardeners’ Chronicle (22 May 1875), pp. 655-656

31. Anon., ‘The Tyranny of Gardeners’ Gardeners’ Chronicle (11 Dec 1869), p. 1286, Barnes V. Rolle, Gardeners’ Chronicle (18 December, 1869), 1305-1306

32. Archibald Banks, (pseud. Oswald Crawfurd) ‘English Flower Gardens’, New Quarterly, vol. 3 (1875), pp. 373-377; 398

33. Gertrude Jekyll, ‘Masters and Men’, Wood and Garden, Notes and Thoughts, Practical and Critical, of a Working Amateur (1899), pp. 271-279

34. Thomas Meehan, ‘Condition and prospects of gardeners in the United States’, Horticulturalist, vol. 6 (May 1851), pp. 217-220, ‘The Banana’, Meehan’s Monthly, vol. 9 (January 1899), p. 13

b) Commerce: Nurserymen and Florists

35. George Crabbe, ‘My Friend the Weaver…’, The Borough, a poem, in 24 letters, rev. 2nd edn (1810), pp. 109-111

36. Isaac Emmerton, ‘Preface’, ‘The Properties of a Good Auricula’, A Plain and Practical Treatise on the Culture and Management of the Auricula (1815), pp. v-xiv, 21-29

37. Thomas Hogg, ‘Characteristics of a Bad and Good Florist etc’ Concise and Practical Treatise on the Growth and Culture of the Carnation, Pink…. and other Flowers (1820), pp. 17-19

38. ‘Charles Turner’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (4 August 1883), pp. 134-35, 145

39. ‘B. S. Williams, New and General Plant Catalogue’ (1883)

40. Anon., ‘Messrs Wills and Segar, Floral Decorators etc’, Illustrated London and its Representatives of Commerce (1893), p. 103

41. Jules Lachaume, ‘Introduction’, ‘The Progress of Horticulture in France’ (‘Progrès de l’horticulture en France’), ‘no. 5 ‘Coiffure à la Sévigné’, Les Fleurs Naturelles (1847), pp. 5-6, 15-19, 38-39

42. Henry Mayhew, ‘Of the Sellers of Trees, Shrubs, Flowers (Cut and in Pots), Roots, Seeds and Branches’, ‘The London Flower Girls’, London Labour and the London Poor (1851), pp. 130, 134-135

43. Juliet Pollock, ‘Flowers in London’, Temple Bar, vol. 56, (1879), pp. 188-193

c) Commerce: Market Gardeners and Seedsmen

44. ‘History of a Seed Firm’ (from J. C. Morton, Agricultural Gazette), Gardeners’ Magazine (3 June 1876), pp. 285-286

45. C. W. Shaw, ‘London Market Gardening Introduction’, ‘Forced Strawberries’, ‘Outdoor Strawberries’, ‘Packing Strawberries’, The London Market Gardens, 1879, pp. 1-7, 102-114

46. Charles Baltet, ‘At the Eiffel Tower’ (‘Le Tour Eiffel’), Le Jardin, vol. 3 (1889), pp. 162-163

d) Gender and Social Status

47. Elizabeth Kent, ‘Preface’, ‘S’, Flora Domestica, or the Portable Flower Garden; with Directions for the Treatment of Plants in Pots, and Illustrations from the Works of the Poets, (1823), pp. xiii-xix, 333 – 338 and ‘Preface’, Sylvan Sketches, or, A Companion to the Park and the Shrubbery (1825), pp. ix-xix

48. Anne Pratt, ‘The Ferns of Great Britain’, The Ferns of Great Britain, and their Allies the Club Mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails (1855), pp. 1-14

49. J. C. Loudon, ‘Introduction’, The Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion (1838), pp. 6-8

116. Jane W. Loudon, ‘Book II. The Garden, Letter 7’, The Lady’s Country Companion; or, How to Enjoy a Country Life Rationally (1845), pp. 127-142

50. Edith L. Chamberlain and Fanny Douglas, ‘Gardening as a Profession’, The Gentlewoman’s Book of Gardening (1892), pp. 207-218

51. Gertrude Jekyll, ‘Beginning and Learning’, Wood and Garden, Notes and Thoughts, Practical and Critical, of a Working Amateur (1899), pp. 188-199

52. Elizabeth Von Arnim (Anon), Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898),’ pp. 5-10, 12-23

53. Samuel Reynolds Hole, ‘The Country Parson and his Garden’, The Garden (1 January 1876), pp. 1-3

Bibliography of Sources

List of Press Sources

Bibliography of works cited

Appendix

Index