Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children (eBook)

Editors Peter G. Kopelman, MD, DSC, FRCP, FFPH, is the late Professor of Medicine at the University of London, London, UK. Ian D. Caterson, AM, MBBS, BSC(MED), PhD, FRACP, is Boden Professor of Human Nutrition, School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. William H. Dietz, MD, PhD, is Chair of the Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness at the Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University in Washington, DC, USA. Associate Editors Sarah Armstrong, MD, is Professor of Pediatrics and Population Health Sciences at Duke University in Durham, NC, USA. Arianne N. Sweeting, MBBS, BSC, GradDip HL, PhD, FRACP, is a Staff Specialist Endocrinologist, Department of Endocrinology at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. John P.H. Wilding, DM, FRCP, is Professor of Medicine in the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine at the Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences at the University of Liverpool and Honorary Consultant Physician at Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

List of Contributors, vii

Preface, xi

List of Abbreviations, xiii

Part 1 Obesity, 1

1 Obesity - Introduction: History and the Scale of the Problem Worldwide, 3
W. Philip T. James and Tim Gill

2 The Epidemiology and Social Determinants of Obesity, 17
Lindsay M. Jaacks and Mariachiara Di Cesare

Part 2 Causes of Obesity, 31

3 Fetal and Infant Origins of Obesity, 33
Emily Oken and Susan E. Ozanne

4 Genes and Obesity, 47
I. Sadaf Farooqi

5 Bias, Stigma, and Social Consequences of Obesity, 58
Rebecca L. Pearl and Christina M. Hopkins

6 Ecology, Protein Leverage, and Public Health, 72
David Raubenheimer and Stephen J. Simpson

7 The Living Environment and Physical Activity, 89
Jean-Michel Oppert and Hélène Charreire

8 Psychobiology of Obesity: Eating Behavior and Appetite Control, 99
Michelle Dalton, Nicola Buckland and John Blundell

9 Energy Balance and Body Weight Homeostasis, 113
Yann Ravussin and Abdul G. Dulloo

Part 3 Obesity as a Disease, 129

10 Obesity, Ectopic Fat and Type 2 Diabetes, 131
Ann Verhaegen and Luc F. Van Gaal

11 Obesity and Dyslipidemia, Importance of Body Fat Distribution, 148
Fredrik Karpe

12 Obesity and Fertility, 154
Arianne N. Sweeting

13 Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, 159
Bo Kyung Koo and Soo Lim

14 Cardiovascular Consequences, 178
Naveed Sattar

15 Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 192
Henry W. Ainge-Allen, Brendon J. Yee and Ronald R. Grunstein

16 Obesity and Cancer, 211
Michael R. Skilton

Part 4 Management of Adult

Obesity, 221

17 A Practical Approach to Contemporary Obesity Management, 223
Ian D. Caterson, Arianne N. Sweeting and Peter G. Kopelman

18 Dietary Management of Obesity: Eating Plans, 232
Janet Franklin and Kyra Sim

19 The Behavioral Treatment of Obesity, 249
Ariana M. Chao, Kerry M. Quigley and Thomas A. Wadden

20 Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in Promoting Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance, 262
Daniel J. Cuthbertson and Laurence J. Dobbie

21 Adjunctive Therapy, Including Pharmacotherapy, 279
Dalal Al-Bazz and John P.H. Wilding

22 The Management of Obesity: Surgery, 297
Wendy A. Brown and David Martin

23 Weight Loss Maintenance and Weight Cycling, 306
Catherine Hankey

24 Training and Medical Systems for Obesity Care, 314
William H. Dietz

Part 5 Childhood Obesity, 323

25 The Prevention of Childhood Obesity, 325
William H. Dietz and Louise A. Baur

26 Consequences of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: The Need for a Broad Approach, 339
Yvonne Anderson and Chu Shan Elaine Chew

27 The Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity, 353
Sarah Armstrong and Nathalie Farpour-Lambert

Part 6 Policy Approaches, 365

28 Policy Approaches to Obesity Prevention, 367
Tim Lobstein

29 The Double Burden of Malnutrition, 386
Li Kheng Chai, Jenna Hollis, Clare Collins and Alessandro Demaio

30 Taxes, Subsidies, and Policies, 394
Simon Barquera, Lesly Véjar, Mariel White and Mishel Unar-Munguia

31 The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change, 409
Boyd Swinburn, Peter Hovmand, Wilma Waterlander and Steve Allender

Index, 428