Advances in Pharmacology (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Chapter 1. Colorectal Cancer and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 16
I. Introduction 16
II. The Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence 17
III. Prevention of Colon Cancer in Animal Models 17
IV. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and NSAIDs 18
V. NSAIDs and Colorectal Neoplasia 20
VI. Molecular Targets of NSAIDs 30
VII. Summary 31
References 32
Chapter 2. Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus and the Immune System 36
I. Introduction 36
II. Endogenous and Exogenous Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses 37
III. Superantigens and Their Interaction with T Cells 43
IV. Infection of the Mammary Gland via the Immune System 47
V. Conclusions and Perspectives 54
References 55
Chapter 3. Sodium Channels and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases 62
I. Introduction 63
II. Structure and Function of Voltage-Dependent Na+ Channels 64
III. Chemical Structures of Na+ Channel Blockers 81
IV. Undesirable Side Effects Related to Ion Channel Blockade 89
V. Therapeutic Use of Voltage-Dependent Na+ Blockers 89
VI. Future Developments 97
VII. Closing Comments 98
References 99
Chapter 4. Anti-adhesion Therapy 114
I. Introduction 114
II. Leukocyte and Endothelial Adhesion Molecules 115
III. Adhesion Cascade and Inflammation 118
IV. Strategies to Inhibit Adhesion 119
V. Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury 122
VI. Atherosclerosis 131
VII. Thermal Injury 133
VIII. Arthritis 135
IX. Asthma 136
X. Organ Transplantation 138
XI. Acute Lung Injury 140
XII. Multiple Sclerosis 142
XIII. Miscellaneous 143
XIV. Safety Concerns 145
XV. Conclusion 147
References 148
Chapter 5. Use of Azoles for Systemic Antifungal Therapy 158
I. Introduction 158
II. Chemistry 159
III. Mechanism of Action 159
IV. Spectrum of Antifungal Activity 162
V. Use of Specific Azole Antifugal Agents 162
VI. Drug Interactions 182
VII. Resistance to Azoles 186
References 188
Chapter 6. Pharmacology of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes 206
I. Introduction 206
II. Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Expressed in Oocytes 209
III. Properties of Receptors Vivo 212
IV. Summary 226
References 227
Chapter 7. Structure and Function of Leukocyte Chemoattractant 236
I. Introduction 236
II. Chemoattractant-Induced Leukocyte Functions 237
III. Molecular Characterization of the Structure of Chemoattractant Receptors 241
IV. Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Chemoattractant Receptors 257
V. Chemoattractant Receptor Homologs 275
VI. Potential Therapeutic Interventions of Chemoattractant Receptor Activation 282
VII. Summary and Future Perspectives 285
References 286
Chapter 8. Pharmacologic Approaches to Reperfusion Injury 306
I. Introduction 306
II. Oxygen Free Radicals 308
III. Selectin Blockers 310
IV. Antioxidant Therapy 312
V. Endogenous Agents 316
VI. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 320
VII. Cardiac Preconditioning 321
VIII. Conclusion 321
References 321
Chapter 9. Restenosis: Is There a Pharmacologic Fix in the Pipeline? 328
I. Introduction 328
II. Pathophysiology: Insights from Clinical and Animal Studies 329
III. Pharmacologic Therapies 335
IV. GeneTherapy 347
V. Nonpharmacologic Approaches 352
VI. Issues Related to Local Product Delivery 354
VII. Summary and Conclusions 355
References 356
Chapter 10. Role of Adenosine as a Modulator of Synaptic Activity in the Central Nervous System 370
I. Introduction 370
II. Adenosine Receptors 372
III. Intracellular Metabolism of Adenosine 381
IV. Adenosine Levels in the Brain 386
V. Adenosine Release 387
VI. Localized Adenosine Release and Synaptic 394
VII. Conclusions 396
References 398
Chapter 11. Combination Vaccines 410
I. Introduction 410
II. Currently Available Combination Vaccines 412
III. New Combinations 422
IV. Issues in Making New Combination Vaccines 427
References 437
Chapter 12. Pharmacology of Potassium Channels 442
I. Introduction 442
II. Voltage-Gated K+ Channels 444
III. Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels 463
IV. ATP-Dependent K+ Channels 474
V. Conclusions 476
References 477
Index 490