Advances in Clinical Chemistry (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 31 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Chapter 1. Multidrug Resistance in the Laboratory and Clinic 14
1. Introduction 15
2. Multidrug Resistance 16
3. MDRI Gene Family 17
4. Characterization of the P-Glycoprotein 21
5. ABC Superfamily of Transporters 25
6. MDR1 Gene and Protein Measurements 26
7. MDR1 Expression 35
8. MDR1 Modulation 43
9. Non-P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance 52
10. Summary 53
References 54
Chapter 2. Clinical Significance of Cardiac Contractile Proteins for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Injury 76
1. Introduction 76
2. A Survey of Results on Evaluating Cardiac Contractile Proteins in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Injury 87
3. Conclusions 103
References 105
Chapter 3. Prostatic Specific Antigen 112
1. Introduction 113
2. Historical Aspects 113
3. Structure of PSA 115
4. Circulating Forms 115
5. Physiological Function of PSA 116
6. Hormonal Regulation of PSA 116
7. Tissue Localization of PSA 118
8. Reference Values for PSA 119
9. Factors Affecting Serum PSA Level 120
10. Available Assays for the Measurement of PSA 124
11. Endogenous PSA Antibodies and Their Implications for PSA Assay 126
12. PSA and BPH 126
13. Role of PSA in Screening 127
14. Role of PSA in Staging 129
15. PSA in Monitoring Treatment Response 129
16. Role of PSA in Predicting Stage D2 Disease 133
17. PSA versus PAP 133
18. PSA as an Immunohistochemical Marker 135
19. Summary 136
References 137
Chapter 4. The Gonadotropin Surge in Human Reproduction: Endocrine and Biochemical Mechanisms 148
1. Introduction 148
2. The Ovarian Signal 150
3. Role of Estrogen in the Activation and Maintenance of the LH Surge Mechanism 154
4. Gonadotropin Surge Mechanism in the Hypothalamic—Pituitary Axis 157
5. The Gonadotropin Surge and Ovarian Activities 159
6. Role of Gonadotropin Surge in Ovulatory Processes 160
7. Feedback Mechanism and Pubertal Development 164
8. Gonadotropin Surge Mechanism and Reproduction 165
References 180
Chapter 5. Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death in Health and Disease 190
1. Introduction 191
2. Programmed Cell Death as a Biological Phenomenon 197
3. Mechanism of Apoptosis 207
4. Measurement of Apoptosis 218
5. Clinical Significance of Apoptosis 228
6. Future Developments 237
References 242
Chapter 6. lmmunosensors for Clinical Analysis 260
1. Introduction 260
2. Principles of Immunosensors 263
3. Electrochemical Immunosensors 265
4. Piezoelectric Acoustic Immunosensors 274
5. Optical Immunosensors 276
6. Immunosensor-Coupled Immunoassay 282
7. Future Prospects of Immunosensor Research and Development 286
References 287
Index 290