Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 20 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 8
Preface 10
Chapter 1. Models for Infrared Atmospheric Radiation 12
1. Introduction 12
2. Absorption by Spectral Lines 14
3. Band Absorption 34
4. Evaluation of Transmittance and Integrated Absorptance of Selected Infrared Bands 70
5. Upwelling Atmospheric Radiation 80
6. Concluding Remarks 89
List of Symbols 90
References 91
Chapter 2. Scale Analysis of Large Atmospheric Motion Systems In All Latitudes 98
1. Introduction, Generalities, and Statement of the Problem 98
2. Scale Parameters 102
3. Characterization of an Atmospheric Large-Scale Motion System 108
4. Scale Analysis of the Continuity Equation 111
5. Scale Analysis of the Equation of Vertical Motion 113
6. Scale Analysis of the Equations of Horizontal Motion 114
7. Scale Analysis of the Equation of Adiabatic Transformations 117
8. Order of Magnitude of the Divergence . of the Horizontal Wind 120
9. Scale Analysis of the Vorticity Equation 124
10. Scale Analysis of the Equation of the Horizontal Wind Divergence 127
11. Discussion of the Basic Scale Equations 128
12. Scale Analysis of the Equation of Balance of Kinetic Energy 139
References 141
Chapter 3. Symmetric Circulations of Planetary Atmospheres 142
1. lntroduction 142
2. Convection on a Nonuniformly Heated Sphere 145
3. Azimuthal Disturbances 174
4. Nonlinearity 181
5. Summary and Conclusions 186
List of Symbols 187
References 188
Chapter 4. A Survey of Statistical–Dynamical Models of the Terrestrial Climate 194
1. Introduction 195
2. Fundamental Equations Governing the Terrestrial Climatic System 196
3. Climatic Averaging 204
4. Climate Models—An Overview 217
5. The Vertically Integrated, Thermodynamic Models 236
6. Momentum Models 261
7. Modeling the Evolution of Climate 278
Appendix. A Simple Sea Ice–Ocean Temperature Oscillator Model 292
List of Symbols 301
References 306
Subject Index 316