Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 7 4
Copyright Page 5
List of Contributors 6
Foreword 8
Contents 10
Chapter 1. Developments in Controlled Experiments on Larger Scale Geophysical Problems 12
1. Introduction 12
2. Similarity Parameters 15
3. Large-Scale Phenomena 21
4. Medium-Scale Phenomena 71
5. Conclusions 96
List of Symbols 98
References 100
Chapter 2. Atmospheric Tides 116
1. Outline of History and Present State 116
2. Application and Results of Harmonic Analysis 126
3. Foundation of the Theory 138
4. Free Oscillations 148
5. Laplace’s Tidal Equation 158
6. Gravitational Excitation of Atmospheric Tides 165
7. Thermal Excitation of Atmospheric Tides 175
List of Symbols 191
References 193
Chapter 3. Generalized Harmonic Analysis 200
1. Introduction 200
2. Stochastic Sequence 201
3. Determination of the Auto-Covariant and the Power Spectrum 202
4. Practical Determination of the Power Spectrum 203
5. Covariance and Co-spectrum of Two Stochastic Functions 207
6. Generalized Harmonic Analysis 209
7. Filters 212
8. Practical Construction of an Optimal Filter 214
9. Statistical Prevision by the Method of N. Wiener 217
10. Practical Determination of the Forecast Formula 221
11. Time Series with Periodic Component 222
List of Symbols 225
References 225
Chapter 4. Temperature and Wind in the Lower Stratosphere 226
1. Introduction 226
2. General Characteristics of Stratospheric Properties 229
3. Synoptic Properties between the Tropopause and 20 km 236
4. Synoptic Properties above 20 km 252
References 257
Chapter 5. Arctic Meteorology (A Ten-Year Review) 260
1. Introduction 260
2. Mean Fields of Pressure and Temperature 267
3. Variability in the Stratosphere 279
4. General Survey of Recent Advances 293
5. Conclusion 303
Arctic Meteorology Bibliographies 304
References 304
Chapter 6. Phase Relations of Some Rocks and Minerals at High Temperatures and High Pressures 314
1. Introduction 314
2. Apparatus 316
3. Results 323
4. Conclusion 332
References 332
Author Index 334
Subject Index 342