Advances in Clinical Chemistry (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Publisher's Note 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Clinical Applications of Cytokine Assays 16
1. Cytokines: An Overview 16
2. Cytokines and Diseases 29
3. Cytokine Assays 35
4. Clinical Application of Cytokine Assays 43
5. Conclusions 47
References 47
Chapter 2. Current Concepts on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis 62
1. Introduction 62
2. Pathophysiology of Acute Pancreatitis 64
3. Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis 66
4. Therapy 82
5. Conclusions 85
References 85
Chapter 3. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Oxidative Stress in Mitochondrial Diseases 98
1. Introduction 99
2. A Brief Review of Studies on Mitochondrial Diseases 100
3. The Genetic Map and Structural Characteristics of Human Mitochondrial DNA. 101
4. Transmission by Maternal Inheritance and Random Segregation of mtDNA during Mitosis and Development 102
5. Susceptibility of mtDNA to Oxidative Damage and Mutation 105
6. Classification of Disease-Associated mtDNA Mutations 105
7. Molecular Consequences of mtDNA Mutations 112
8. Biochemical Basis for How mtDNA Mutations Cause Mitochondrial Dysfunction 115
9. Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage Elicited by mtDNA Mutations 117
10. Mitochondrial Diseases Caused by Mutations in Nuclear DNA 119
11. Cybrids for Studies of Mitochondrial Diseases: Applications and Limitations 122
12. Effect of mtDNA Mutations on the Apoptosis of Human Cells 126
13. Therapy for Mitochondrial Diseases. 128
14. Concluding Remarks 130
References 131
Chapter 4. Autoantibodies to dsDNA, Ro/SSA, and La/SSB in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 144
1. Introduction 144
2. Basic Studies of Autoantibodies to dsDNA, Ro/SSA, and La/SSB 148
3. Clinical Aspects of Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Ro/SSA, and Anti-La/SSB Autoantibodies 160
4. Discussion and Conclusion 168
References 169
Chapter 5. Pathobiochemistry of Nephrotic Syndrome 188
1. Introduction 189
2. Structure and Function of the Glomerular Capillary Wall 189
3. Pathogenesis of Proteinuria in Acquired Forms of Nephrotic Syndrome 200
4. Biochemical Signs and Clinical Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome 211
5. Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome 220
6. Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome 221
7. Summary 222
References 223
Chapter 6. Total Antioxidant Capacity 234
1. Introduction 235
2. Methodology 236
3. What Determines Total Antioxidant Capacity? 251
4. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Body Fluids 256
5. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Tissue Homogenates 261
6. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Food and Beverages 263
7. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Plants 266
8. Antioxidant Activity of Individual Compounds 267
9. Effect of Nutrition on Total Antioxidant Activity of Body Fluids 269
10. Effect of Physical Exercise on Blood Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity 274
11. Alterations in Total Antioxidant Capacity of Body Fluids and Tissue Homogenates in Diseases and Therapy 275
12. Points of Concern 284
13. Conclusions 287
References 287
Chapter 7. Lymphoid Malignancies: Immunophenotypic Analysis 308
1. Introduction: Immunophenotypic Analysis 308
2. Background: Immunophenotypic Analysis 310
3. Normal Lymphoid Cell Development and Antigen Expression 318
4. Neoplastic Lymphoid Cell Antigen Expression 323
5. Selected Biochemical Consequences of Neoplastic Transformation 340
6. Conclusion 344
References 344
Index 370