Video Demystified (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
About the Author 20
Chapter 1. Introduction 22
Contents 24
Standards Organizations 26
Chapter 2. Introduction to Video 27
Analog vs. Digital 27
Video Data 27
Video Timing 28
Video Resolution 30
Audio and Video Compression 32
Application Block Diagrams 32
Chapter 3. Color Spaces 36
RGB Color Space 36
YUV Color Space 38
YIQ Color Space 39
YCbCr Color Space 40
xvYCC Color Space 47
PhotoYCC Color Space 47
HSI, HLS, and HSV Color Spaces 48
Chromaticity Diagram 49
Non-RGB Color Space Considerations 53
Gamma Correction 55
Constant Luminance Problem 57
References 57
Chapter 4. Video Signals Overview 58
Digital Component Video Background 58
480i and 480p Systems 60
576i and 576p Systems 69
720p Systems 77
1080i and 1080p Systems 80
Other Video Systems 85
References 88
Chapter 5. Analog Video Interfaces 89
S-Video Interface 89
SCART Interface 90
SDTV RGB Interface 92
HDTV RGB Interface 96
SDTV YPbPr Interface 98
HDTV YPbPr Interface 111
D-Connector Interface 118
Other Pro-Video Analog Interfaces 121
VGA Interface 121
References 121
Chapter 6. Digital Video Interfaces 127
Pro-Video Component Interfaces 127
Pro-Video Composite Interfaces 150
Pro-Video Transport Interfaces 164
IC Component Interfaces 170
Consumer Component Interfaces 183
Consumer Transport Interfaces 195
References 210
Chapter 7. Digital Video Processing 213
Rounding Considerations 214
SDTV-HDTV YCbCr Transforms 215
4:4:4 to 4:2:2 YCbCr Conversion 216
Display Enhancement 219
Video Mixing and Graphics Overlay 225
Luma and Chroma Keying 232
Video Scaling 244
Scan Rate Conversion 248
Noninterlaced-to-Interlaced Conversion 262
Interlaced-to-Noninterlaced Conversion 264
DCT-Based Compression 269
Fixed Pixel Display Considerations 273
References 277
Chapter 8. NTSC, PAL, and SECAM Overview 278
NTSC Overview 278
PAL Overview 301
SECAM Overview 324
Video Test Signals 333
VBI Data 358
Enhanced Television Programming 405
References 406
Chapter 9. NTSC and PAL Digital Encoding and Decoding 409
NTSC and PAL Encoding 410
NTSC and PAL Digital Decoding 443
Chapter 10. H.261 and H.263 487
H.261 487
H.263 502
References 535
Chapter 11. Consumer DV 536
Audio 538
Video 542
Digital Interfaces 555
100 Mbps DV Differences 557
HDV Format 557
AVCHD Format 557
References 558
Chapter 12. MPEG-1 560
MPEG vs. JPEG 560
Quality Issues 561
Audio Overview 562
Video Coding Layer 563
Video Bitstream 572
System Bitstream 591
Video Decoding 596
Real-World Issues 597
References 597
Chapter 13. MPEG-2 598
Audio Overview 599
Video Overview 599
Video Coding Layer 606
Video Bitstream 612
Motion Compensation 663
PES Packet 668
Program Stream 677
Transport Stream 682
Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) 695
MPEG-4.2 Video over MPEG-2 Transport Streams 695
MPEG-4.10 (H.264) Video over MPEG-2 Transport Streams 695
SMPTE 421M (VC-1) Video over MPEG-2 Transport Streams 696
MPEG-2 PMT/PSM Descriptors 696
MPEG-4 PMT/PSM Descriptors 710
ARIB PMT Descriptors 713
ATSC PMT Descriptors 716
DVB PMT Descriptors 719
OpenCable PMT Descriptors 725
Closed Captioning 727
VBI Standard 733
Teletext 738
Active Format Description (AFD) 739
Subtitles 741
Enhanced Television Programming 746
Data Broadcasting 748
Decoder Considerations 753
References 758
Chapter 14. MPEG-4 and H.264 759
Audio Overview 760
Visual Overview 762
Graphics Overview 768
Visual Layers 768
Object Description Framework 770
Scene Description 772
Synchronization of Elementary Streams 774
Multiplexing of Elementary Streams 775
Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) 776
MPEG-4 Part 10 (H.264) Video 777
References 784
Chapter 15. ATSC Digital Television 785
Video Capability 787
Audio Capability 787
Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) 789
E-VSB 793
Data Broadcasting 794
Application Block Diagrams 795
References 798
Chapter 16. OpenCable™ Digital Television 799
Video Capability 801
Audio Capability 801
In-Band System Information (SI) 801
Out-of-Band System Information (SI) 807
In-Band Data Broadcasting 811
Conditional Access 812
Related Technologies 813
Application Block Diagrams 813
References 816
Chapter 17. DVB Digital Television 817
Video Capability 819
Audio Capability 819
System Information (SI) 819
Data Broadcasting 829
Conditional Access 829
Application Block Diagrams 831
References 831
Chapter 18. ISDB Digital Television 833
ISDB-S (Satellite) 834
ISDB-C (Cable) 834
ISDB-T (Terrestrial) 835
Video Capability 835
Audio Capability 835
Still Picture Capability 835
Graphics Capability 835
System Information (SI) 837
Captioning 846
Data Broadcasting 846
Application Block Diagrams 847
References 847
Chapter 19. IPTV 848
Considerations 848
Multicasting 849
RTSP-Based Solutions 849
ISMA 855
Broadcast over IP 856
Conditional Access (DRM) 856
References 856
Chapter 20. Glossary 858
Index 910