Sustaining Access to Justice

Xandra Kramer is Professor of Private Law at Erasmus University Rotterdam and Professor of Private International Law at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. Masood Ahmed is Associate Professor of Law at the University of Leicester, UK. Adriani Dori is Post-doctoral Researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. María Carlota Ucín is Post-doctoral Researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Introduction
1. Costs and Funding: The Quest for Access to Justice, Xandra Kramer (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands), Masood Ahmed (University of Leicester, UK), Adriani Dori (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands), and Maria Carlota Ucin (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands)

Part I: Public and Private Funding of Civil Justice – Regulatory Perspectives
2. Third-Party Funding as a Vehicle for Access to Justice: A Sustainable Avenue or a Dead End? Alan Uzelac (University of Zagreb, Croatia)
3. The Regulation of Litigation Funding in Europe: An Application of Principal-Agent Theory, Adrian Cordina (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands)
4. Trends in Funding of Collective Litigation, Maria José Azar-Baud (Paris-Saclay University, France)
5. Justice for a Price: Funders, Fees, and the Representative Actions Directive, Eduardo Silva de Freitas (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands)

Part II: New Trends and Challenges in Contemporary Legal Finance
6. The Private Funding of Litigation: The Case of Crowdfunding in England and Wales, Rachael Mulheron KC (Hon) (Queen Mary University of London/Competition Appeal Tribunal)
7. The German Litigation Funding Market’s Black Swan Event: Take-Aways from a New World of Litigation Funding and Legal Services Provision, David Markworth (University of Cologne, Germany)
8. Dispute Funding in Sweden – Old System and New Trends, Eva Storskrubb (Uppsala University, Sweden)
9. Wet and Dry Under One Umbrella: The Interplay Between Funding Opportunities and Litigation Strategies in the Dutch Collective Actions Field, Jos Hoevenaars (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands)
10. ESG and Litigation Funding – Tied at the Hip? A Practitioners View, Thomas Kohlmeier (Nivalion, Senior Advisory Partner Germany) and Marcel Wegmüller (Nivalion, CEO)
11. No Such Thing as a Free … Lawsuit? Some Thoughts on Public Interest Litigation and Lessons from the United States, Magdalena Tulibacka (Emory University School of Law, USA)
12. The Uses and Abuses of Disclosure of Litigation Finance in US Law, Anthony Sebok (Cardozo School of Law, USA)

Part III: Beyond Litigation: Cost-Effective Strategies for Alternative Dispute Resolution and Online Dispute Resolution
13. ADR, Mandatory Consumer Mediation and the Impact on Civil Litigation, Stefaan Voet (KU Leuven, Belgium)
14. Fostering ADR Without the Stick of High Litigation Costs: The Cases of Italian and Turkish ADR Reforms, Fatma Arslan (University of Warwick, UK)
15. Revisiting ‘Mandatory Mediation: An Oxymoron?: Advancing Access to Civil Justice through Mandatory ADR, Dorcas Quek Anderson (Singapore Management University)
16. The Promising Potential of Online Mediation to Reduce Financial Barriers to Access Justice: A Case Study into Online Mediation in the Netherlands, Emma van Gelder (Utrecht University, Netherlands)