Has Russia turned from "Paul to Saul" in international humanitarian law (IHL)? In a first step, the book offers a comprehensive account of the Russian contributions to IHL in the 19th century. Secondly, it analyses Russia's current approach to IHL, drawing on a wide range of legislation, case law, diplomatic records, and military practice. Finally, the author contrasts the past and the present. He embeds his findings in the present context and concludes that Russia has come a long way from advancing the law to evading the law. The book is aimed at international lawyers as well as readers interested in legal history. The author is an IHL researcher and practitioner with extensive experience in the post-soviet world.