Law and the Environment

Robert V. Percival is Professor of Law, Robert Stanton School and Director of the Environmental Law School Program of the University of Maryland School of Law. He is the principal author of Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy, and numerous articles on law and the environment. Dorothy C. Alevizatos is an environmental lawyer with a Baltimore law firm. She has an M.S. in conservation biology from the University of Maryland. CONTRIBUTORS: Edward Abbey, Bruce A. Ackerman, Vicki Been, Joel Franklin Brenner, Robert D. Bullard, Lynton Keith Caldwell, J. Baird Callicott, Rachel Carson, Ronald H. Coase, Robert W. Collin, Herman Daly, David Doniger, Thomas R. Dunlap, Gregg Easterbrook, Environmental Defense Fund, Daniel A. Farber, First National people of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, Clayton P. Gillette, H. Scott Gordon, Al Gore, Gene M. Grossman, Robert W. Hahn, Samuel P. Hays, Paul A. Hemmersbaugh, James A. Henderson, Donald T. Hornstein, Peter W. Huber, James E. Krier, Alan B. Krueger, Howard Latin, Richard J. Lazarus, James P. Leape, Gerald Markowitz, Arthur F. McEvoy, Thomas D. McGarity, Alan Miller, Arne Naess, Roderick Nash, William F. Pederson, Office of Technology Assessment, Richard N. Pearson, The President's Council on Sustainable Development, Robert L. Rabin, Tom Regan, Richard L. Revesz, William H. Rogers, Jr., Carol M. Rose, David Rosner, William D. Ruckelshaus, Mark Sagoff, Joseph L. Sax, Christopher Schroeder, Sidney A. Shapiro, Richard B. Stewart, Christopher D. Stone, Jr., Laurence H. Tribe, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Lynn White, Jr., George F. Will, and the World Commission on Environment and Development

Preface Introduction Part I: Perspectives on Environmental Problems 1. ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES The Earth as Modified by Human Action (1877) - George Perkins Marsh * A Sand County Almanac (1949) - Aldo Leopold * Fundamentals of Ecology (1959) - Eugene P. Odum * The Diversity of Life (1992) - Edward O. Wilson * The Nonequilibrium Paradigm in Ecology and the Partial Unraveling of Environmental Law (1994) - A. Dan Tarlock 2. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery (1954) - H. Scott Gordon * The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (1986) - Arthur F. McEvoy * The Problem of Social Cost (1960) - Ronald H. Coase * The Economy of the Earth (1988) - Mark Sagoff * Environmental Faust Succumbs to Temptations of Economic Mephistopheles, or, Value by Any Other Name Is Preference (1989) - Carol M. Rose * The Shadow of the Future: Discount Rates, Later Generations, and the Environment (1993) - Daniel A. Farber and Paul A. Hemmersbaugh 3. ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis (1967) - Lynn White, Jr. * Ways Not to Think about Plastic Trees: New Foundations for Environmental Law (1974) - Laurence H. Tribe * The Case for Animal Rights (1983) - Tom Regan * Review of Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights (1985) - J. Baird Callicott * The Deep Ecological Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects (1986) - Arne Naess 4. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE The Threat of Environmental Racism (1993) - Robert D. Bullard * The Poison Poor Children Breathe (1982) - George F. Will * Environmental Equity: A Law and Planning Approach to Environmental Racism (1992) - Robert W. Collin * Locally Undesirable Land Uses in Minority Neighborhoods: Disproportionate Siting or Market Dynamics? (1994) - Vicki Been * Principles of Environmental Justice (1991) - First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit * The Meaning and Promotion of Environmental Justice (1994) - Richard J. Lazarus Part II: Environmental Law and Regulatory Policy 5 . ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Nuisance Law and the Industrial Revolution (1974) - Joel Franklin Brenner * Wilderness and the American Mind (1982) - Roderick Nash * A "Gift of God"?: The Public Health Controversy over Leaded Gasoline during the 1920s (1985) - David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz * A Fierce Green Fire (1993) - Philip Shabecoff 6. THE POLITICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Federal Regulation in Historical Perspective (1986) - Robert L. Rabin * Toward a Theory of Statutory Evolution: The Federalization of Environmental Law (1985) - E. Donald Elliott, Bruce A. Ackerman, and John C. Millian * Politics and Procedure in Environmental Law (1992) - Daniel A. Farber * Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (1987) - Samuel P. Hays * The Lesson of the Owl and the Crows: The Role of Deception in the Evolution of the Environmental Statutes (1989) - William H. Rodgers, Jr. 7 . ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: A STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy (1996) - Robert V. Percival, Alan S. Miller, Christopher H. Schroeder, and James P. Leape * Why the Clean Air Act Works Badly (1981) - William F. Pederson, Jr. * Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy (1996) - Robert V. Percival, Alan S. Miller, Christopher H. Schroeder, and James P. Leape * Rehabilitating Interstate Competition: Rethinking the "Race-to-the-Bottom" Rationale for Federal Environmental Regulation (1992) - Richard L. Revesz * Safety and the Second Best: The Hazards of Public Risk Management in the Courts (1985) - Peter W. Huber * Risk, Courts, and Agencies (1990) - Clayton P. Gillette and James E. Krier 8. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO REGULATION Reforming Environmental Law: The Democratic Case for Market Incentives (1988) - Bruce A. Ackerman and Richard B. Stewart * Ideal Versus Real Regulatory Efficiency: Implementation of Uniform Standards and "Fine-Tuning" Regulatory Reforms (1985) - Howard A. Latin * Not So Paradoxical: The Rationale for Technology-Based Regulation (1991) - Sidney A. Shapiro and Thomas O. McGarity * Rethinking Environmental Controls: Management Strategies for Common Resources (1991) - Carol M. Rose * Environmental Policy Tools: A User's Guide (1995) - Office of Technology Assessment Sustainable America: A New Consensus-Building a New Framework for a New Century (1996) - President's Council on Sustainable Development Part III: The Regulatory Process in a Participatory Democracy 9. WHO SPEAKS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT? The Monkey Wrench Gang (1975) - Edward Abbey * DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (1981) - Thomas R. Dunlap * Defending the Environment: A Strategy for Citizen Action (1971) - Joseph L. Sax * Should Trees Have Standing?-Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects (1972) - Christopher D. Stone 10. THE REGULATORY PROCESS Implementing Federal Environmental Policies: The Limits of Aspirational Commands (1978) - James A. Henderson, Jr., and Richard N. Pearson * The Seven Statutory Wonders of U.S. Environmental Law: Origins and Morphology (1994) - William H. Rodgers, Jr. * Regulatory Failure, Administrative Incentives, and the New Clean Air Act (1991) - Howard A. Latin 11. RISK ASSESSMENT AND REGULATORY PRIORITIES Risk in a Free Society (1984) - William D. Ruckelshaus * The Gospel of Risk Management: Should We Be Converted? (1984) - David Doniger * The Role of the Courts in Risk Management (1986) - Richard B. Stewart * Reclaiming Environmental Law: A Normative Critique of Comparative Risk Analysis (1992) - Donald T. Hornstein Part IV: Global Environmental Concerns and the Future of Environmental Law 12. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY International Environmental Policy: Emergence and Dimensions (1990) - Lynton Keith Caldwell * Our Common Future (1987) - World Commission on Environment and Development * Declaration of Principles (1992) - United Nations Conference on Environment and Development * Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement (1991) - Gene M. Grossman and Alan B. Krueger * From Adjustment to Sustainable Development: The Obstacle of Free Trade (1992) - Herman Daly * Sustainable America: A New Consensus-International Leadership (1996) - President's Council on Sustainable Development 13. THE FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY Stopping the Pendulum (1995) - William D. Ruckelshaus * A Moment on the Earth: The Coming Age of Environmental Optimism (1995) - Gregg Easterbrook * A Moment of Truth: Correcting the Scientific Errors in Gregg Easterbrook's A Moment on the Earth (1995) - Environmental Defense Fund * Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit (1992) - Al Gore * Toward a New Environmental Paradigm (1993) - Robert W. Hahn * The Gnat Is Older Than Man: Global Environment and the Human Agenda (1993) - Christopher D. Stone Contributors Index