Artificial Intelligence and the Legal Profession

Michael Legg is a Professor at University of New South Wales (UNSW) Law, Sydney, Australia. He is also the Director of the Law Society of New South Wales Future of Law and Innovation in the Profession (FLIP) research stream at UNSW. Michael’s research interests are in civil litigation (including class actions), regulation and enforcement, and the legal profession. Michael is admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of NSW, Federal Court of Australia, High Court of Australia and in the State and Federal courts of New York. He holds law degrees from UNSW (LLB), the University of California, Berkeley (LLM) and the University of Melbourne (PhD). Felicity Bell is the Research Fellow for the Law Society of New South Wales Future of Law and Innovation in the Profession (FLIP) research stream at University of New South Wales Law Faculty. Her research interests are in legal professionalism and ethics, new technologies in law, family law and access to justice. Felicity is admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Victoria. She holds a BA/LLB (Hons I) from the University of Melbourne and a PhD from the University of Sydney Law School.

1. Introduction
Disruption
The Advent of AI and Lawyers – Into the Unknown?
The Lawyer’s Value
Overview of Chapters

PART I
LAWYERS AND THE EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
2. Artificial Intelligence: What It Is and Why It Matters
Introduction
History of AI and Law
Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
Where Next?
3. The Practice of Law – What Do Lawyers Do?
Introduction
Who are Lawyers?
The Work of Lawyers (What Do Lawyers Do?)
Organisational Forms (Where Do Lawyers Work?)
How are Lawyers Regulated?
Who (or What) Will Lawyers Become?

PART II
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL PRACTICE
4. AI and Outcome Prediction
Introduction
Application of AI to Legal Outcome Prediction
Role of the Lawyer
Future Developments
5. AI, Pre-Trial Information Gathering (Discovery and Disclosure) and Litigation Lawyers
Introduction
Litigation Lawyers – Gathering Information and Evidence
Application of AI to Pre-trial Processes
Role of the Lawyer
Future Developments
6. AI, Online Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Introduction
Advocates and Dispute Resolution Lawyers
Application of AI to Online Courts and ADR
Role of the Lawyer aft er ODR
Future Developments
7. AI and Transactional Lawyers
Introduction
Transactional Law, Contract Commoditisation and Lawyers
Application of AI to Transactional Law
Role of the Transactional Lawyer
Future Developments
8. AI and Regulatory Lawyers
Introduction
Regulatory Lawyers
Application of AI to Regulation
Role of the Lawyer in RegTech
Future Developments
9. AI and Criminal Lawyers
Introduction
Criminal Law and Lawyers
Application of AI in the Criminal Justice System
Role of the Lawyer
Future Developments

PART III
THE FUTURE OF LAWYERS AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION
10. Limitations of AI
Introduction
Data and Design
Can Data and Design Problems be Overcome?
Cost and Sustainability
Not being Human
Conclusion
11. Legal Ethics, Liability and Regulation in an AI World
Introduction
Legal Ethics in an AI World
Liability for AI
Regulation
Legal Practice by Non-Lawyers
Conclusion
12. Future of the Legal Profession
Introduction
Threats and Opportunities in the Use of AI for Lawyers
The Expertise Value
The Ethics Value
The Human Value
Education
Supporting AI-Enabled Legal Practice
Conclusion