Inorganic Reactions and Methods V 4 – Formations Bonds to Halogens Pt 2

J. J. Zuckerman is the editor of Inorganic Reactions and Methods, Volume 4, The Formation of Bonds to Halogens, Part 2, published by Wiley. A. P. Hagen is the editor of Inorganic Reactions and Methods, Volume 4, The Formation of Bonds to Halogens, Part 2, published by Wiley.

How to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 4 2.0 The Formation of Bonds to Halogens (Part 2) 2.6 The Formation of the Halogen - Group IIIB Element (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) Bond 2.6.1. Introduction. 2.6.2. from the Elements. 2.6.3. by Halogenation of the Elements. 2.6.3.1. with Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.3.2. with Carbon - Halogen Compounds. 2.6.3.3. with Other Halides. 2.6.4. from Halogenation of Anionic Group IIIB Clusters. 2.6.4.1. by Elemental Halogens. 2.6.4.2. by Other Halides. 2.6.5. from Cleavage of Group IIIB - Hydrogen Bonds. 2.6.5.1. by Halogens. 2.6.5.2. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.5.3. with Other Halides. 2.6.6. from Cleavage of Group IIIB - Oxygen Bonds. 2.6.6.1. by Halogens. 2.6.6.2. by Halogens with Reducing Agents. 2.6.6.3. with Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.6.4. by Other Halides. 2.6.7. from Cleavage of Group IIIB - Other Group VIB Element Bonds. 2.6.7.1. by Halogens. 2.6.7.2. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.7.3. by Other Halides. 2.6.8. from Cleavage of Group IIIB - Nitrogen Bonds. 2.6.8.1. by Halogens. 2.6.8.2. with Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.8.3. with Other Halides. 2.6.9. from Cleavage of the Group IIIB - Other Group VB Element Bond. 2.6.9.1. by Halogens. 2.6.9.2. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.9.3. by Other Halides. 2.6.10. Cleavage of Group IIIB - Carbon Bonds. 2.6.10.1. by Halogens. 2.6.10.2. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.10.3. by Other Halides. 2.6.11. from Cleavage of the Group IIIB - Other Group IVB Element Bond. 2.6.11.1. by Halogens. 2.6.11.2. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.11.3. by Other Halides. 2.6.12. from Halide - Halide Exchange Reactions (Metathesis) 2.6.12.1. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.12.2. by Metal and Nonmetal Halides. 2.6.12.3. by Fluorinating Agents. 2.6.13. Cleavage of Other Group IIIB - Element Bonds. 2.6.13.1. by Halogens. 2.6.13.2. by Hydrogen Halides. 2.6.13.3. by Other Halides. 2.6.14. Subvalent Group IIIB Halides. 2.6.14.1. Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium. 2.6.14.2. Thallium. 2.6.15. from Scrambling Reactions. 2.6.16. Miscellaneous Modes of Formation. 2.7. The Formation of the Halogen - Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) and Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) Metal Bond 2.7.1. Introduction. 2.7.2. from the Elements. 2.7.3. by Halogenation 2.7.3.1. with Hydrogen Halides. 2.7.3.2. with Miscellaneous Halides. 2.73.2.1. from Group IA and Group IIA Metals with Halides (Metal and Nonmetal). 2.7.3.2.2. from Alkaline Earth Metals with Carbon Halogen Compounds (Formation of Organomagnesium Reagents). 2.7.4. from Reaction of Halogens with Hydroxides, Carbonates, etc., of Group IA and Group IIA Metals (Formation of Halides by Disproportionation of the Halogen). 2.7.5. from Reaction of Hydrogen Halides with Oxides, Hydroxides, Carbonates, etc., of the Group IA and Group IIA Metals. 2.7.6. from Reaction of Oxides with Halogens. 2.7.7. from Reactions of Oxides of the Group IIA Metals with Nonmetal Halides (Excluding Hydrogen Halides). 2.7.8. from Reaction of Carbides of the Elements with Halogen and Hydrogen Halides. 2.7.9.from Metathetical Reactions (Anion Halide Exchange). 2.8. The Formation of the Halogen - Group IB (Cu, Ag, Au) or Group IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) Metal Bond 2.8.1. Introduction. 2.8.2. from the Elements. 2.8.3. Synthesis of the Group IB Trihalides. 2.8.3.1. from the Metals. 2.8.3.1.1. by Halogenation. 2.8.3.1.2. by Nonmetal Halides. 2.8.3.1.3. from Lower Valent Compounds. 2.8.3.1.4. from Metal Oxides. 2.8.3.1.5. by Halogen Exchange. 2.8.4. Synthesis of Complex Halide Derivatives. 2.8.4.1. Tetrahalo Derivatives. 2.8.4.2. Cyanohalo Derivatives. 2.8.5. Synthesis of Organo Group IB Halides. 2.8.6. Synthesis of Complexes of Au Trihalides by the Halogenation of Au(I) Complexes. 2.8.6.1. Complexes with Group VB Donors. 2.8.6.2. Complexes with Group VIB Donors. 2.8.7. Synthesis of the Group IB Dihalides from the Metals. 2.8.7.1. by Halogenation Reactions. 2.8.7.2. by Hydrohalogenation Reactions. 2.8.7.3. by Hydrohalic Acids. 2.8.8. Synthesis of Group IB Dihalides by Other Procedures. 2.8.8.1. by Halogenation of Lower Valent Halides. 2.8.8.2. by Halogenation of Metal Oxides. 2.8.8.3. by Reactions of Metal Oxides with Hydrohalic Acids. 2.8.9. from Dehydration of Hydrates of the Group IB Dihalides. 2.8.10. Synthesis of Complex Halides Derived from the Dihalides of Group IB. 2.8.11. Synthesis of Group IB Monohalides. 2.8.111. by Halogenation of the Metals. 2.8.11.2. by Reduction of Higher Valent Halides. 2.8.12. Synthesis of Complex Halides Derived from Monohalides of Group IB. 2.8.13. Synthesis of Ag Subfluoride. 2.8.14. Synthesis of the Group IIB Dihalides from the Metals. 2.8.14.1. by Halogenation Reactions. 2.8.14.2. by Hydrohalogenation Reactions. 2.8.14.3. by Hydrohalic Acids. 2.8.14.4. by Nonmetal Halides. 2.8.14.5. by Metal Halides. 2.8.15. Synthesis of the Group IIB Dihalides from Metal Oxides. 2.8.15.1. by Halogenation. 2.8.15.2. by Hydrogen Halides and Hydrohalic Acids. 2.8.15.3. by Other Halogenating Agents. 2.8.16. Synthesis of the Group IIB Dihalides from Metal Sulfides. 2.8.16.1. by Halogenation. 2.8.16.2. by Other Halogenating Agents. 2.8.17. Synthesis of Group IIB Halides from Metal Oxy Salts. 2.8.17.1. by Hydrogen Halides and Hydrohalic Acids. 2.8.17.2. by Metathesis Reactions. 2.8.17.3. by Other Halogenating Agents. 2.8.18. Synthesis of the Group IIB Dihalides by Halide - Halide Exchange. 2.8.19. Synthesis from Dehydration of Hydrates of the Group IIB Dihalides. 2.8.20. Synthesis of Mercury(II) Halides from Mercury(I) Halides. 2.8.20.1. by Halogenation. 2.8.20.2. by Disproportionation Reactions. 2.8.21. Synthesis of Mercury(I) Halides. 2.8.21.1. by Metathesis Reactions of Other Mercury(I) Salts. 2.8.21.2. by Reduction of Mercury(II) Halides. 2.8.21.3. by Oxidation of the Mercury Metal. 2.8.22. Synthesis of Complex Halides of Group IIB. 2.8.23. Synthesis of Organo Group IIB Halides. 2.8.23.1. by Oxidative Addition of Alkyl and Aryl Halides to the Metals. 2.8.23.2. by Transmetallation Reactions Involving the Metal Halides. 2.8.23.3. by Halogenation of Alkyl Mercury Derivatives. 2.8.23.4. by Reactions of Dialkyls with Acid Chlorides. 2.8.23.5. by Reactions of the Dialkyls and Metal and Nonmetal Halides. 2.8.23.6. by Cleavage of the C - H Bond by Mercuric Halides. 2.9. Formation of the Halogen Transition and Inner Transition Metal Bond. 2.9.1. Introduction. 2.9.2. by Direct Reaction of the Metals with Halogens. 2.9.2.1. Synthesis of Metal Fluorides from the Elements. 2.9.2.2. of Metal Chlorides from the Elements. 2.9.2.3. of Metal Bromides from the Elements. 2.9.2.4. of Metal Iodides from the Elements. 2.9.3. Synthesis of Metal Halides from the Metals. 2.9.3.1. by Halogenation. 2.9.3.2. from the Metal and Anhydrous Hydrogen Halides. 2.9.3.3. by Hydrohalic Acids. 2.9.3.4. by Fluorination with Interhalogens. 2.9.3.5. of Transition Metal Halides by Chlorination of the Metal by Sulfuryl Chloride. 2.9.3.6. of Transition Metal Halides by Halogenation with Non Transition Metal Halides. 2.9.3.7. of Transitional Metal Halides Electrochemically. 2.9.3.8. of Transition Metal by Oxidative Addition by Alkyl Halides. 2.9.4. Synthesis of Metal Halides from Metal Oxides. 2.9.4.1. by Halogenation. 2.9.4.2. and Hydrogen Halide. 2.9.4.3. and Hydrohalic Acid. 2.9.4.4. by Fluorination by Interhalogens. 2.9.4.5. by Chlorination by Thionyl Chloride. 2.9.4.6. by Chlorination with CCl4 and Other Chlorocarbons. 2.9.4.7. by Phosgene Chlorination. 2.9.4.8. by Halogenation by Aluminium Halides. 2.9.5. Synthesis of Metal Halides from Metal Sulfides. 2.9.6. Synthesis of Metal Halides from Metal Carbonyls. 2.9.7. Synthesis of Metal Halides from Metal Carboxylates by Reaction with Acetyl Halide or Hydrohalogenation Reactions. 2.9.8. Synthesis of Metal Halides from Other Metal Salts. 2.9.9. Dehydration of Metal Halide Hydrates. 2.9.9.1. by Dehydration of Hydrohalogenation Reactions. 2.9.9.2. by Chemical Methods. 2.9.10. Synthesis of Complex Halo Anions 2.9.10.1. by Reaction of Metal Halides with Non Transition Metal and Organic Halides. 2.9.10.2. by Reaction of Metal Oxides with Hydrohalic Acids. 2.9.10.3. by Reaction of Metal Carboxylates with Hydrohalic Acids. 2.9.10.4. by Electrochemical methods. 2.9.10.5. by Other Methods. 2.9.11. Synthesis of Metal Oxohalides from the Metals. 2.9.11.1. by Direct Reaction of the Metals with Halogens. 2.9.11.2. by Direct Reaction of the Metal with Halogen - Oxygen Mixtures. 2.9.11.3. by Reaction of the Metal with Halogen - Metal Oxide Mixtures. 2.9.11.4. by Reaction of the Metal with Metal Oxide - Metal Halide Mixtures. 2.9.12. Synthesis of Metal Oxohalides from Metal Oxides. 2.9.12.1. by Metal Oxide - Halogen Reactions. 2.9.12.2. by Reaction of Metal Oxides with Hydrogen Halides. 2.9.12.3. by Fluorination by Interhalogens and Other Nonmetal Fluorides. 2.9.12.4. the Reaction of Metal Oxides with Halocarbons. 2.9.12.5. by Reaction of Oxides with SOCl2 and Other Nonmetal Chlorides. 2.9.12.6. by the interaction of a Metal Oxide with Its Halide. 2.9.12.7. by the Use of Group IVb and Vb Oxides with Transition Metal Halides. 2.9.13. Synthesis of Complex Halo Anions of Metal Oxohalides. 2.9.13.1. from Metal Oxides. 2.9.13.1.1. with Oxofluoro Anions. 2.9.13.1.2. with Oxochloro and Oxobromo Anions. 2.9.13.2. from Metaloxo Anions (Metallates). 2.9.13.3. from Metal Halides. 2.9.13.3.1. with Binary Metal Halides. 2.9.13.3.2. with Complex Metal Halides. 2.9.13.4. from Oxohalides. 2.9.13.4.1. with Neutral Oxohalides. 2.9.13.4.2. with Anionic Oxohalides. 2.9.14. Synthesis of Metal Sulfido , Seleno and Tellurohalides. 2.9.14.1. from the Metals. 2.9.14.1.1. To Form Group IIIA and Lanthanide Compounds. 2.9.14.1.2. To Form the Transition Metal Compoiunds. 2.9.14.2. from the Metal Chalcogenides. 2.9.14.3. from Transition Metal Halides with Chalcogens. 2.9.14.4. from Transition Metal Halides with Main Group Chalcogenides. 2.9.15. Synthesis of Metal Carbonyl Halides and Nitrosyl Halides from the Metal Carbonyls and Their Derivatives. 2.9.15.1. Synthesis of Metal Carbonyl Halides. 2.9.15.1.1. Preparation of Transition Metal Carbonyl Halides from the Metal Carbonyl. 2.9.15.1.2. Preparation of Anionic Carbonyl Halides from the Metal Carbonyl or Its Derivative. 2.9.15.1.3. Halogenation of Substituted Metal Carbonyls. 2.9.15.2. Preparation of Metal Nitrosyl Halides. 2.10. The Formation of the Halogen - Group 0 Element Bond 2.10.1. Introduction. 2.10.2. Direct Synthesis. 2.10.2.1. of Krypton Halides. 2.10.2.2. of Xenon Halides. 2.10.2.2.1. Xenon Fluorides. 2.10.2.2.2. Xenon Chlorides. 2.10.2.3. of Radon Halides. 2.11. The Formation of the High Oxidation State Group IB, IIB, and Transition and Inner Transition Metal Fluorides 2.11.1. Introduction. 2.11.2. of the First Transition Series (Sc through Zn). 2.11.2.1. Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn. 2.11.2.2. Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Fe, Co, Ni. 2.11.2.3. Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Cu and Zn. 2.11.3. of the Second Transition Series (Y through Ag). 2.11.3.1. Pre Platinum Metals: Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc. 2.11.3.2. Platinum Metals: Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Ru, Rh and Pd. 2.11.3.3. Post Platinum Metals: Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Ag and Cd. 2.11.4. of the Third Transition Series (Hf through Hg). 2.11.4.1. Pre Platinum Metals: Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Hf, Ta, W, Re. 2.11.4.2. Platinum Metals: Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Os, Ir, Pt. 2.11.4.3. Post Platinum Metals: Synthesis of High Valent Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes of Au and Hg. 2.11.5. of the Lanthanides and Actinides. 2.11.5.1. Synthesis of the High Valent Lanthanide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes (La - Lu). 2.11.5.2. Synthesis of the High Valent Actinide Fluorides, Oxide Fluorides and Fluorocomplexes (Ac - Ha). List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index