Hydrolases in Organic Synthesis

Uwe Bornscheuer was born in 1964 and studied chemistry at the University of Hannover, Germany, where he graduated with his Diploma in 1990. After receiving his PhD in Chemistry in 1993 at the Institute of Technical Chemistry at the same university, he spent a postdoctoral year at the University of Nagoya, Japan. He then returned to Germany and joined the Institute of Technical Biochemistry at the University of Stuttgart, where he finished his Habilitation in 1998. Since 1999 he has been Professor for Technical Chemistry and Biotechnology at the University of Greifswald. His main research interest is the application of biocatalysts in the synthesis of optically active compounds and in lipid modification. Romas Kazlauskas studied chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD) and Harvard University (postdoc with G. M. Whitesides). He worked at General Electric Company (1985-1988) and McGill University, Montreal, Canada (1988-2003) and is currently an associate professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. He is an expert in enzyme selectivity, especially enantioselectivity. His current work focuses on the design of new enzymatic reactions and the molecular basis of enzyme enantioselectivity.

INTRODUCTION
DESIGNING ENANTIOSELECTIVE REACTIONS
Kinetic Resolutions
Asymmetric Syntheses
CHOOSING REACTION MEDIA: WATER AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Hydrolysis in Water
Transesterifications and Condensations in Organic Solvents
Other Reaction Media
Immobilization
PROTEIN SOURCES AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIOCATALYST PERFORMANCE
Accessing Biodiversity
Creating Improved Biocatalysts
Catalytic Promiscuity in Hydrolases
LIPASES AND ESTERASES
Availability, Structures and Properties
Survey of Enantioselective Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions
Chemo- and Regioselective Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions
Reactions Catalyzed by Esterases
PROTEASES AND AMIDASES
Occurrence and Availability of Proteases and Amidases
General Features of Subtilisin, Chymotrypsin, and Other Proteases and Amidases
Structures of Proteases and Amidases
Survey of Enantioselective Protease- and Amidase-Catalyzed Reactions
PHOSPHOLIPASES
Phospholipase A1
Phospholipase A2
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase D
EPOXIDE HYDROLASES
Introduction
Mammalian Epoxide Hydrolases
Microbial Epoxide Hydrolases
HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES
Introduction
Mild Conditions
Regioselective Reactions of Dinitriles
Enantioselective Reactions
OTHER HYDROLASES
Glycosidases
Haloalcohol Dehalogenases
Phosphotriesterases