RF / Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues

ANDRÉ VANDER VORST, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL). He has been a member of various committees on communications, microwaves, and education, including the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) and the European Microwave Conferences. Professor Vander Vorst has authored or coauthored six books, several chapters, and more than three hundred scientific and technical papers published in international journals and proceedings of international conferences. He received the IEEE MTT-S Microwave Career Award in 2004. ARYE ROSEN, PhD, is Academy Professor of Biomedical and Electrical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University. He is also Director of the Pediatric Engineering Program at Drexel, and cofounder of the Medical Technology Center for Infants and Children at St. Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The recipient of the IEEE MTT-S 2000 Microwave Application Award for the Application of RF/Microwave Techniques in Medicine, he is the coeditor of two books, including New Frontiers in Medical Device Technology (Wiley), and is additionally author or coauthor of seven book chapters and over 200 technical papers in the fields of engineering and medicine. YOUJI KOTSUKA, Dr.Eng, is Professor at Tokai University in Japan. Among his many honors, he was chair of the committees on Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Waves in the Institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan. He was a chair of EMCJ in the Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineering. Professor Kotsuka is also the author of four other books.

Preface. Introduction.

1 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics.

1.1 RF and Microwave Frequency Ranges.

1.2 Fields.

1.3 Electromagnetics.

1.4 RF and Microwave Energy.

1.5 Penetration in Biological Tissues and Skin Effect.

1.6 Relaxation, Resonance, and Display.

1.7 Dielectric Measurements.


1.8 Exposure.

References.

Problems.

2 RF/Microwave Interaction Mechanisms in Biological Materials.

2.1 Bioelectricity.

2.2 Tissue Characterization.

2.3 Thermodynamics.

2.4 Energy.

References.

Problems.

3 Biological Effects.

3.1 Absorption.

3.2 Nervous System.

3.3 Cells and Membranes.

3.4 Molecular Level.

3.5 Low-Level Exposure and ELF Components.

3.6 Ear, Eye, and Heart.

3.7 Influence of Drugs.

3.8 Nonthermal, Microthermal, and Isothermal Effects.

3.9 Epidemiology Studies.

3.10 Interferences.

3.11 Radiation Hazards and Exposure Standards.

References.

Problems 150

4 Thermal Therapy.

4.1 Introduction to Thermotherapy.

4.2 Heating Principle.

4.3 Hyperthermia.

4.4 Method of Thermometry.

References.

Problems.

5 EM Wave Absorbers Protecting Biological and Medical Environment.

5.1 Foundation of EM Wave Absorbers.

5.2 Classification of Wave Absorbers.

5.3 Fundamental Principle.

5.4 Fundamental Theory of EM Wave Absorbers.

5.5 Application of EM Absorber.

5.6 EM Wave Absorbers Based on Equivalent Transformation Method of Material Constant.

5.7 Method for Improving RF Field Distribution in a Small Room.

References.

Problems.

6 RF/Microwave Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Transmission Lines and Waveguides for Medical Applications.

6.3 Antennas.

6.4 RF and Microwave Ablation.

6.5 Perfusion Chamber.

6.6 RF Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

6.7 Endometrial Ablation.

6.8 Microwave Measurement Techniques: Examples.

6.9 Future Research.

References.

Problems.

Index.