Ecology

William D. Bowman is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado at Boulder, affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Mountain Research Station, and the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. He earned his Ph.D. from Duke University. Dr. Bowman has taught courses in introductory ecology, plant ecology, plant-soil interactions, and ecosystems ecology, and for over three decades he directed undergraduate summer field courses and research programs. His research focuses on the intersections of physiological ecology, community dynamics, and ecosystem function, particularly in the context of environmental change. Sally D. Hacker is a Professor at Oregon State University, Corvallis, where she has been a faculty member since 2004. She has taught courses in introductory ecology, community ecology, and marine biology. She is particularly interested in promoting active and experiential learning for students interested in ecology and field experiences. Dr. Hacker's research explores the structure, function, and services of natural and managed ecosystems under varying contexts of species interactions and global change. She has conducted research with plants and animals in rocky intertidal, estuarine, and coastal dune ecosystems. Her work has most recently focused on the protective role of coastal ecosystems in mitigating the vulnerability from climate change.

1. The Web of LifeUnit 1. Organisms and Their Environment2. The Physical Environment 3. The Biosphere 4. Coping with Environmental Variation: Temperature and Water 5. Coping with Environmental Variation: EnergyUnit 2. Evolutionary Ecology 6. Evolution and Ecology 7. Life History 8. Behavioral EcologyUnit 3. Populations 9. Population Distribution and Abundance 10. Population Dynamics 11. Population Growth and RegulationUnit 4. Species Interactions 12. Predation 13. Parasitism 14. Competition 15. Mutualism and CommensalismUnit 5. Communities 16. The Nature of Communities 17. Change in Communities 18. Biogeography 19. Species Diversity in CommunitiesUnit 6. Ecosystems 20. Production 21. Energy Flow and Food Webs 22. Nutrient Supply and CyclingUnit 7. Applied and Large-Scale Ecology 23. Conservation Biology 24. Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management 25. Global Ecology