Historic Cities in the Face of Disasters

Dr. Fatemeh Farnaz Arefian is an interdisciplinary expert in development planning, urban design, and architecture. She combines academic research and education with extensive practice-based experience in the Middle East, UK, and Southeast Asia. As a private sector consultancy director, her first-hand encounter with disasters in the historic city of Bam motivated her to return to academia and pursue her multidisciplinary Ph.D. research and further academic activities at the Bartlett Development Planning Unit (DPU), University College London (UCL), where she is also associated with. She is the founding director of Silk Cities initiative on contextual contemporary challenges cities in countries along the historic Silk Roads face within the process of urban transformations. She is an invited speaker for international conferences and workshops. Her industry experience in post-disaster reconstruction has been featured in a guidance for humanitarian organisations. Farnaz has published academic and professional books and papers, such as Urban Heritage Along the Silk Roads (Springer 2020), Organising Post-Disaster Reconstruction Processes (Springer 2018), and Urban Change in Iran (Springer 2016). The latest publication Farnaz currently leads on is Historic Cities in the Face of Disasters. Her past knowledge exchange activities received special attention from UNESCO Director General. Judith Ryser qualified architect and urbanist with a social sciences MSc, Judith’s cosmopolitan professional life in London, Paris, Berlin, Geneva (United Nations), Stockholm and Madrid is focusing on built environment sustainability and researching, reviewing, writing on cities in the knowledge society. She is a life member of ISOCARP (International Society of City and Regional Planners), ex-Vice President, General Rapporteur of the 50th anniversary congress 2015, editor and writer of several publications (e.g. "ISOCARP, 50 Years of Knowledge Creation and Sharing"; with Teresa Franchini 5th & 6th editions of the International Manual of Planning Practice) and member of the Chartered Institute of Journalist. She is senior advisor to Fundacion Metropoli, author and editor of many books and participant in urban projects; senior adviser, book co-editor and co-reviewer of Silk Cities; co-editor and coordinator of CORP (International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society); editorial board member, reviewer and topic editor of the Urban Design Group and has written and edited numerous books and articles. She taught at University College London and other universities, is on various scientific committees and mentoring mature students and young planners. Andrew Hopkins FSA is professor and chair of architectural history at the University of L'Aquila. Architecture and urbanism, together with how people use city spaces in an historical context, is a long-standing interest. His earliest and latest books are Santa Maria della Salute: architecture and ceremony in baroque Venice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000; and La città del Seicento, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 2014. Having taught at L'Aquila since 2004, in the last, post-earthquake, decade he has been involved in several initiatives to do with understanding the issues facing historical cities vis-à-vis disasters, including the exhibition and conference held in the ducal palace of Venice in 2010: L’AQUILA 2010, Luogo, Identità, Etica, Ricostruzione, Salone del Piovego, Palazzo Ducale, Venezia 28 Agosto 2010; and recently he was thrilled to be able to welcome the Silk Cities conference of 2019 to the Department of Human Sciences (Dipartimento di Scienze Umane), University of L’Aquila. Jamie MacKee 's most recent research has focused on the way in which risk of climate change impacts can be assessed to better protect our cultural heritage. This has resulted in the development of a Cultural Heritage Risk Index (CHRI) that allows stakeholders involved in the management, protection and conservation of cultural heritage to assess risk and plan and manage interventions to mitigate against any potential impacts. The results of this are being published in a forthcoming journal paper. Jamie's broader interest in "old buildings' stems from his eight years teaching in a University and living in Sri Lanka and two years studying in Singapore. His teaching and research work on disasters arises from his work during the Asian Tsunami in Sri Lanka sponsored by the University of Newcastle in 2005. He has two books specifically on cultural heritage and one recent book and book chapter on cultural heritage conservation theory fusing the concepts of Buddhism and Systems theory proposing an alternative to the traditional Eurocentric ideals of conservation theory for dealing with the rich and very unique heritage of the Asian region. Jamie is a co-leader of the School of Architecture and Built Environment's Disaster Research Group, University of Newcastle, Australia.

Introduction.- Part I:Heritage and collective memory for resilience and reconstruction.- Thinking about post-disaster reconstruction in Europe: Functionalist and identity approaches.- Old Souks of Aleppo: A narrative approach to post-conflict heritage reconstruction.- Photography for the city, between the need for protection, conservation and civic identity.- Cultural heritage as stones of memory: The recovery of archives in the area of the Marche crater.- Intangible heritage and resilience in managing disaster shelters: Case study in Japan.- Water gives, water takes away. Memory, agency and resilience in ENSO-vulnerable historic landscapes in Peru.- Intangible cultural economy, a mould for tangible urban built fabric - The case of Shahjahanabad, India.- The Tree: The concept of place after the earthquake, L'Aquila.- Part II: Historic and contemporary reconstructions of historic cities.- Marsica: One hundred years on.- Coventry: Shell or Phoenix, city of tomorrow or concrete jumble? From reconstruction to the Phoenix Initiative, UK.- Post-trauma recovery of monumental buildings in Italy and the United States at the beginning of twentieth century.- Historical town centres and post-seismic reconstructions: Between functional recovery and heritage value awareness.- Integrating green solutions into post-earthquake recovery of Bam, Iran.- Reconstruction of heritage and spirit: Mending the scars of Aleppo.- Beyond the damage, the reconstruction of L'Aguila.- The "Solidere" effect and the localisation of heritage reconstruction in post-war transitions, Libya.- Bell towers under (seismic) attack: Saving a symbol, once it became a menace.- Ancient city of the future: Notes on the reconstruction of Beirut.- Part III:Society, governance and collective resilience.- Bonding between urban fabric and capacity of collective resilience: The case of Talca historic centre, Chile.- Multi-perspective pre-disaster examination as post-disaster managerial thinking ahead for Hoi An in Vietnam.- Play Street:  Experimenting tactical urbanism for urban resilience in Iran.- The preservation of rural landscapes for building resilience in small towns: Insights from north Italy.- Antigua Guatemala, from history of disasters to resilient future.- Emergency management for the built heritage post-earthquake: Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy, Italy.- Factors of educational poverty and resilience responses in L'Aquila's young population.- Dropout, resilience and cultural heritage: A focus of the ACCESS Project in a highly fragile area.- How can teachers promote resilience in schools?- Part IV: Bringing the 21st century into reconstruction.- Cities in transformation: Smarter reconstruction in historic city centres.- Evaluating visitors' experiences at St Augustine's Abbey (Canterbury).- Seismic Microzonation: A preventive measure for the conservation of the built heritage.- The representation of a resilient city: The case of Amatrice's reconstruction.- Evacuation simulation considering tourists' attempts to return home: A case of the Kiyomizu-dera Temple area, Japan.- Public administration versus social media in emergency situations.- Social media and disaster management in Iran: Lorestan floods as case study.- Environmental issues and energy potentials in post-earthquake reconstruction.- A multidisciplinary approach to retrofitting historic buildings: The case of the former San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila.

"There is a vast amount of information in the book for readers to understand the complexity of this field. Hopefully, not only urban designers will take advantage of it, as the details are extensive enough to also be relevant for architects, engineers, policy-makers and public administration officials involved in the rehabilitation process." (Meenakshi Bhagat, Urban Design, Issue 164, 2022)

“There is a vast amount of information in the book for readers to understand the complexity of this field. Hopefully, not only urban designers will take advantage of it, as the details are extensive enough to also be relevant for architects, engineers, policy-makers and public administration officials involved in the rehabilitation process.” (Meenakshi Bhagat, Urban Design, Issue 164, 2022)