Food Emulsions

Context and background
Emulsion science in the food industry
General characteristics of food emulsions
Emulsion properties
Hierarchy of emulsion properties
Understanding food emulsion properties

Molecular characteristics
Introduction
Forces of nature
Origin and nature of molecular interactions
Overall intermolecular pair potential
Molecular structure and organization is determined by a balance
of interaction energies and entropy effect
Thermodynamics of mixing
Molecular conformation
Compound interactions
Computer modeling of liquid properties
Measurement of molecular characteristics

Colloidal interactions
Introduction
Colloidal interactions and droplet aggregation
Van der Waals interactions
Electrostatic interactions
Steric interactions
Depletion interactions
Hydrophobic interactions
Hydration interactions
Thermal fluctuation interactions
Nonequilibrium effects
Total interaction potential
Measurement of colloidal interactions
Prediction of colloidal interactions in food emulsions

Emulsion ingredients
Introduction
Fats and oils
Water
Emulsifiers
Texture modifiers
Other food additives
Factors influencing ingredient selection

Interfacial properties and their characterization
Introduction
General characteristics of interfaces
Adsorption of solutes to interfaces
Electrical characteristics of interfaces
Interfacial composition and its characterization
Interfacial structure
Interfacial rheology
Practical implications of interfacial phenomena

Emulsions formation
Introduction
Overview of homogenization
Flow profiles in homogenizers
Physical principles of emulsion formation
Homogenization devices
Factors that influence droplet size
Demulsification
Future developments

Emulsion stability
Introduction
Rheological properties of materials
Measurement of rheological properties
Rheological properties of emulsions
Computer simulation of emulsion rheology
Major factors influencing emulsion rheology
Future trends

Emulsion flavor
Introduction
Flavor partitioning
Flavor release
Emulsion mouthfeel
Measurement of emulsion flavor
Overview of factors influencing emulsion flavor
Concluding remarks and future directions

Appearance
Introduction
General aspects of optical properties of materials
Mathematical modeling of emulsion color
Measurement of emulsion color
Major factors influencing emulsion color
Concluding remarks and future directions

Characterization of emulsion properties
Introduction
Testing emulsifier effectiveness
Microstructure and droplet size distribution
Disperse phase volume fraction
Droplet crystallinity
Droplet charge
Droplet interactions

Food emulsions in practice
Introduction
Milk and cream
Beverage emulsions
Dressings

References

Index