Caravans in Socio-Cultural Perspective

Persis B. Clarkson’s archaeological research spans the western deserts of the Americas, the tropical forests of Mesoamerica, and the boreal forests of Canada. She teaches anthropology at the University of Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada, and is a temporary but keenly observant inhabitant of the Atacama Desert. Calogero M. Santoro is based at the Instituto de Alta Investigación at the Universidad de Tarapacá in Arica, Chile, where multidisciplinary research ranges through socialcultural changes and climate variability from the Pleistocene to the present in hyperarid environments.

Introduction

Persis B. Clarkson and Calogero M. Santoro

Prologue by Anthony F. Aveni

1. ¡Cabros Viene Barco! (Holy smokes, guys, there’s a boat!)

Luis Briones

2. Times of Change: Young People in the Future of Llama Caravans in Santa Catalina, Jujuy, Argentina

Bibiana Vilá

3. Rest Areas and Long-Distance Caravans: Ethnoarchaeological Notes from the Southern Andes

Axel E. Nielsen

4. Salt Routes and Barter Caravans in the Regions of Nepal and Tibetan Himalaya in an Ethnographical Perspective

Patrice Lecoq

5. Crisscrossing the Peruvian Central Highlands and Beyond

Lidio M. Valdez, Katrina J. Bettchter, and J. Ernesto Valdez

6. Reflection on the History of the Study of Transhumance, Culture Change, Trails, and Roads in the South-Central Andes

Thomas F. Lynch

7. Caravan Roads in the Upper Egyptian Deserts

John Coleman Darnell

8. Llama Caravans in Late Prehistoric Nazca

Viviana Siveroni

9. Camelid Caravans and Middle Horizon Exchange Networks: Insights from the Late Moche Jequetepeque Valley of Northern Peru.

Aleksa K. Alaica, Luis Manuel González La Rosa, Luis A. Muro Ynoñán, Gwyneth Gordon, Kelly J. Knudson

10. Donkeys, Camels, and the Logistics of Ancient Caravan Transport: Animal Performance and Archaeological Evidence from the Egyptian Sahara

Heiko Riemer and Frank Förster

11. Camelids As Cargo Animals By the Paracas Culture (800–200 BC) In the Palpa Valleys of Southern Peru.

Christian Mader, Markus Reindel, and Johny Isla

12. The Politics of Connection: Caravans and Political Development in the Southern Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia.

Scott C. Smith, Maribel Pérez Arias, and Adolfo E. Pérez Arias

13. Intersite Locations of Prehistoric Caravan Traffic in the Core of the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile

Lautaro Núñez and Luis Briones

14. Caravan Trails in the Highlands of Northwestern Argentina

Alvaro Martel