Clinical Neuroanatomy, Twentyninth Edition

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SECTION I
BASIC PRINCIPLES 
1. Fundamentals of the Nervous System 
Over-all Plan of the Nervous System 
Peripheral Nervous System 
Planes and Neuroanatomic Terms 

2. Development and Cellular Constituents 
of the Nervous System
Neural Development 
Neurons 
Neuronal Groupings and Connections 
Glia 
Degeneration and Regeneration 
Neurogenesis 

3.Signaling in the Nervous System 
Membrane Potential 
Generator Potentials 
Action Potentials 
The Nerve Cell Membrane Contains 
Ion Channels 
The Effects of Myelination 
Conduction of Action Potentials 
Synapses 
Synaptic Transmission 
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Actions 
Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term 
Potentiation 
Presynaptic Inhibition 
The Neuromuscular Junction 
and the End-Plate Potential 
Neurotransmitters 

SECTION II
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL THINKING 

4. The Relationship Between Neuroanatomy and Neurology 
Symptoms and Signs of Neurologic Diseases 
Where Is the Lesion? 
What Is the Lesion? 
The Role of Imaging and Laboratory Investigations 
The Treatment of Patients with 
Neurologic Disease 

SECTION III
SPINAL CORD AND SPINE 

5. The Spinal Cord 
Development 
External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 
Spinal Roots and Nerves 
Internal Divisions of the Spinal Cord 
Pathways in White Matter 
Reflexes 
Lesions in the Motor Pathways 
Examples of Specific Spinal Cord Disorders 

6. The Vertebral Column and Meninges 
Surrounding the Spinal Cord 
Investing Membranes (Meninges) 
Spinal Cord Circulation 
The Vertebral Column 
Lumbar Puncture 
Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord 

SECTION IV
ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN 

7. The Brain Stem and Cerebellum 
Development of the Brain Stem 
and Cranial Nerves 
Over-all Brain Stem Organization 
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in the Brain Stem 
Medulla 
Pons 
Midbrain 
Vascularization 
Cerebellum 

8. Cranial Nerves and Associated Pathways 
Origin of Cranial Nerve Fibers 
Functional Components of the 
Cranial Nerves 
Anatomic Relationships of the Cranial Nerves

9. Diencephalon: Thalamus and Hypothalamus 
Thalamus 
Hypothalamus 
Subthalamus 
Epithalamus 
Circumventricular Organs 

10. Cerebral Hemispheres/Telencephalon 
Development 
Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres 
Microscopic Structure of the Cortex 
Physiology of Specialized Cortical Regions 
Basal Ganglia 
Internal Capsule 

11. Ventricles and Coverings of the Brain 
Ventricular System 
Meninges and Submeningeal Spaces 
CSF 
Barriers in the Nervous System 
Skull 

12. Vascular Supply of the Brain 
Arterial Supply of the Brain 
Venous Drainage 
Cerebrovascular Disorders 

SECTION V
FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS 

13. Control of Movement 
Neural Control of Movement 
Major Motor Systems 
Motor Disturbances 

14.Somatosensory Systems 
Receptors 
Connections 
Somatosensory Pathways 
Cortical Somatosensory Areas 
Pain 

15. The Visual System 
The Eye 
The Retina 
Visual Pathways 
The Visual Cortex 

16. The Auditory System 
Anatomy and Function 
Auditory Pathways 

17. The Vestibular System 
Anatomy 
Vestibular Pathways 
Functions 

18. The Reticular Formation 
Anatomy 
Functions 

19. The Limbic System 
The Limbic Lobe and Limbic System 
Olfactory System 
Hippocampal Formation 
Functions and Disorders 
Septal Area 

20. The Autonomic Nervous System 
Autonomic Outflow 
Autonomic Innervation of the Head 
Visceral Afferent Pathways 
Hierarchical Organization of the
Autonomic Nervous System 
Transmitter Substances 

21. Higher Cortical Functions
Frontal Lobe Functions 
Language and Speech 
Cerebral Dominance 
Memory and Learning 
Epilepsy 

SECTION VI
DIAGNOSTIC AIDS 

22. Imaging of the Brain 
Skull X-Ray Films 
Angiography 
Computed Tomography 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging 
Functional MRI 
Positron Emission Tomography 
Single Photon Emission CT 

23. Electrodiagnostic Tests 
Electroencephalography 
Evoked Potentials 
Transcranial Motor Cortical Stimulation 
Electromyography 
Nerve Conduction Studies 

24. Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination 
Indications 
Contraindications 
Analysis of the CSF 

SECTION VII
DISCUSSION OF CASES 

25. Discussion of Cases 
The Location of Lesions 
The Nature of Lesions 
Cases 

Appendix A: The Neurologic Examination 
Appendix B: Testing Muscle Function 
Appendix C: Spinal Nerves and Plexuses 
Appendix D: Questions and Answers 

Index