Algae-Based Biopharmaceuticals (eBook)

Dr. Sergio Rosales-Mendoza is professor of Biotechnology and has worked in the area of biopharmaceuticals produced in low‐cost platforms for the past 10 years. Over his career, Dr. Rosales-Mendoza has published several scientific refereed articles in international high‐impact scientific journals. 

Preface 6
Contents 8
Chapter 1: The Biopharmaceuticals Field and Algae as Expression Hosts 12
Introduction 12
Biopharmaceuticals Market and Current Limitations 14
Current Platforms for the Large-Scale Production of BFs 16
General Features of Microalgae 17
Features of Algae and Implications in BFs Production 18
Relevant Algae Species 20
Phaeodactylum tricornutum 20
Dunaliella salina 21
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 21
Schizochytrium sp. 21
Prospective View 22
References 22
Chapter 2: Genetic Engineering Approaches for Algae 26
Introduction 26
Construction of Genes and Expression Vectors 27
Transformation Techniques 31
Agrobacterium tumefaciens 31
Biolistic 33
Glass Beads Treatment 34
Electroporation 34
Expression Modalities 34
Nuclear and Chloroplast-Based Expression 34
Inducible Expression 35
Overview of Algae Transformation Achievements 37
Advances for Transgene Expression in the Model Alga C. reiinhardtii 39
Multigene Expression and Organelle Targeting 39
Generation of Mutant Strains with High Productivity 44
Fusion to Protein Partners 45
The Transformosome Concept 45
Prospective View 46
References 46
Chapter 3: Algae-Made Vaccines Targeting Human Diseases 52
Introduction 52
Gut Associated Immune System and Oral Vaccination 53
Vaccines Targeting Infectious Agents 57
Plasmodium falciparum 57
Staphylococcus aureus 60
Human Papillomavirus 60
Influenza Virus 61
Hepatitis B Virus 64
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 65
Vaccines Targeting Non-communicable Diseases 66
Type I Diabetes 66
Atherosclerosis 66
Hypertension 66
Allergy 67
Prospective View 67
References 70
Chapter 4: Algae-Made Vaccines Targeting Animal Pathogens 75
Introduction 75
Algae-Based Vaccines 76
Classical Swine Fever Virus 76
White Spot Syndrome Virus 77
Taenia Solium 78
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 79
Porcine Circovirus 80
Prospective View 80
References 83
Chapter 5: Algae-Made Antibodies and Immunotoxins 86
Introduction 86
Current Developments on Algae-Made Antibodies and Immunotoxins 88
Large Single-Chain (lsc) Antibody Against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D 88
Full-Length Antibodies Against the Anthrax Protective Antigen 83 91
An Anti-hepatitis B Surface Protein Antibody Produced in Phaeodactylum tricornutum 92
Camelid Antibodies Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A (BoNT/A) 93
Immunotoxins Targeting CD22+ Cells 94
Prospective View 97
References 100
Chapter 6: Algae-Made Cytokines and Growth Factors 103
Introduction 103
Section I 104
Human Interferon ?1 104
Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 106
High Mobility Group Protein B1 107
Section II 108
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand 108
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Produced in Dunaliella salina 109
C. reinhardtii Secreting VEGF for the Development of Photosynthetic Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering 110
Prospective View 110
References 113
Chapter 7: Other Biopharmaceuticals Produced in Algae 117
Introduction 117
Antimicrobial Peptides 117
Rabbit Neutrophil Peptide-1 117
Lactoferricin 118
Fibronectin Domains 119
Soybean Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor 121
Hormones 122
Erythropoietin 122
Human Growth Hormone 124
Flounder Growth Hormone 124
Prospective View 125
References 126
Chapter 8: Algae-Made Nutraceuticals Produced Using Genetic Engineering Approaches 129
Introduction 129
Proteins 130
Bovine Milk Amyloid A Produced in C. reinhardtii 130
A Chimeric Protein Carrying Bioactive Peptides Produced in C. reinhardtii 136
Lipids 137
Carotenoids 139
Prospective View 143
References 145
Chapter 9: Perspectives for the Algae-Made Biopharmaceuticals Field 150
Introduction 150
Key Perspectives for the Field of Producing BFs in Microalgae 151
Optimizing Nuclear Expression 151
Implementing Glycoengineering Approaches 153
Exploring New Approaches for Oral Delivery 156
Optimizing Large-Scale Production in Bioreactors 157
Expanding the Group of Species Used as Hosts 162
Technology Transfer and Regulatory Approval 163
References 165
Index 171