Sea Ice

David N. Thomas is Professor of Marine Biology and Head of the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK. He is also a visiting Research Professor at the Marine Research Centre of the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.

List of contributors vii

Preface xi

1 Overview of sea ice growth and properties 1
Chris Petrich and Hajo Eicken

2 Sea ice thickness distribution 42
Christian Haas

3 Snow in the sea ice system: friend or foe? 65
Matthew Sturm and Robert A. Massom

4 Sea ice and sunlight 110
Donald K. Perovich

5 The sea ice–ocean boundary layer 138
Miles G. McPhee

6 The atmosphere over sea ice 160
Ola Persson and Timo Vihma

7 Sea ice and Arctic Ocean oceanography 197
Finlo Cottier, Michael Steele and Frank Nilsen

8 Oceanography and sea ice in the Southern Ocean 216
Michael P. Meredith and Mark A. Brandon

9 Methods of satellite remote sensing of sea ice 239
Gunnar Spreen and Stefan Kern

10 Gaining (and losing) Antarctic sea ice: variability, trends and mechanisms 261
Sharon Stammerjohn and Ted Maksym

11 Losing Arctic sea ice: observations of the recent decline and the long-term context 290
Walter N. Meier

12 Sea ice in Earth system models 304
Dirk Notz and Cecilia M. Bitz

13 Sea ice as a habitat for Bacteria, Archaea and viruses 326
Jody W. Deming and R. Eric Collins

14 Sea ice as a habitat for primary producers 352
Kevin R. Arrigo

15 Sea ice as a habitat for micrograzers 370
David A. Caron, Rebecca J. Gast and Marie-Ève Garneau

16 Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers 394
Bodil A. Bluhm, Kerrie M. Swadling and Rolf Gradinger

17 Dynamics of nutrients, dissolved organic matter and exopolymers in sea ice 415
Klaus M. Meiners and Christine Michel

18 Gases in sea ice 433
Jean-Louis Tison, Bruno Delille and Stathys Papadimitriou

19 Transport and transformation of contaminants in sea ice 472
Feiyue Wang, Monika Púcko and Gary Stern

20 Numerical models of sea ice biogeochemistry 492
Martin Vancoppenolle and Letizia Tedesco

21 Arctic marine mammals and sea ice 516
Kristin L. Laidre and Eric V. Regehr

22 Antarctic marine mammals and sea ice 534
Marthán N. Bester, Horst Bornemann and Trevor McIntyre

23 A feathered perspective: the influence of sea ice on Arctic marine birds 556
Nina J. Karnovsky and Maria V. Gavrilo

24 Birds and Antarctic sea ice 570
David Ainley, Eric J. Woehler and Amelie Lescroël

25 Sea ice is our beautiful garden: indigenous perspectives on sea ice in the Arctic 583
Henry P. Huntington, Shari Gearheard, Lene Kielsen Holm, George Noongwook, Margaret Opie and Joelie Sanguya

26 Advances in palaeo sea ice estimation 600
Leanne Armand, Alexander Ferry and Amy Leventer

27 Ice in subarctic seas 630
Hermanni Kaartokallio, Mats A. Granskog, Harri Kuosa and Jouni Vainio

Index 645