Switching on Plant Innate Immunity Signaling Systems (eBook)

1.   Introduction1.1    Plant Innate Immunity is a Sleeping Giant to Fight against Pathogens1.2   Potential Signals to Switch on Plant Immune System 1.3   Pathogens Possess Weapons to Switch-off Plant Immune Systems1.4   Bioengineering and Molecular Manipulation Technologies to Switch on the       Sleeping Quiescent           Plant Immune System to Win the War against Pathogens1.5   Switching on Plant Innate Immunity Using PAMP-PIMP-PRR-Transcription Factor is the Most Potential         Biotechnological Approach for Management of Crop Diseases2.    Role of Plant Immune Signals and Signaling Systems in Plant Pathogenesis 2.1   Susceptibility and Disease Resistance are Two Sides of the Same Coin Modulated by Plant Immune             System Signals and Signaling Systems2.2   Signals and Signaling Systems Involved in Triggering Immune Responses2.3   Reduced Activity of PAMPs May Facilitate the Virulent Pathogens to Cause Disease 2.4   Pathogen-Secreted Effectors Suppress PAMP-Triggered Plant Immune Responses 2.5   Host Plants May Manipulate the Defense Signaling Systems to Suppress the Disease Development 2.6   Specificity of Plant Hormone Signaling Systems in Conferring Resistance Against Various Pathogens 2.7   Plant Hormone Signaling Systems May Also Induce Susceptibility Against Pathogens2.8   Pathogens May Hijack Specific Signaling Pathways to Cause Disease2.9   Pathogens May Suppress Specific Signaling System to Promote Disease Development 3.    Switching on Plant Immune Signaling Systems Using Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns 3.1   PAMP-Triggered Immunity3.2   Harpin PAMPs as Molecular Tools to Manipulate PAMP-Triggered Immunity3.3   Engineering Harpin Gene to Develop Disease Resistant Plants 3.4   Molecular Manipulation of Plant Innate Immune Signaling Systems Using Flagellin 3.5   Molecular Manipulation of Plant Immune Systems Using the PAMP Elicitins3.6   Manipulation of Plant Immune System Using Chitosan3.7   Manipulation of Plant Immune System Using Cerebrosides3.8   Manipulation of Plant Immune System Using CfHNNI1 Elicitor3.9   Bioengineering FsphDNase Elicitor gene to Trigger Plant Immune Responses against Wide Range of             Pathogens3.10  Engineering the Elicitor-encoding pemG1 Gene for Crop Disease Management3.11  Manipulation of Plant Immune System Using the MAMP Rhamnolipids 3.12  Manipulation of Plant Immune System Using the Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm1 Derived from Trichoderma         virens3.13  Manipulation of Plant Immune Responses Using Yeast-Derived Elicitors/4.    Switching on Plant Immune Signaling Systems Using Pathogen-Induced Molecular Patterns/Host-               Associated Molecular Patterns4.1   Pathogen-Induced Molecular Patterns (PIMPs)/Host-associated Molecular Patterns (HAMPs) 4.2   Oligogalacturonides Switch on Plant Innate Immunity 4.3   OGAs with Different Degrees of Polymerization Differ in Triggering Defense Responses4.4   Degree of Methyl Esterification of OGAs Modulates the Elicitor Activity of OGAs4.5   Ability of OGAs to Trigger Defense Responses May Depend on their Level of Acetylation4.6   Engineering Pectin Methyl Esterase Genes to Develop Disease Resistant Plants4.7   Bioengineering Pectin Methyl Esterase Inhibitor Protein for Plant Disease Management4.8   Engineering PG Gene to Develop Disease Resistant Plants 4.9   Engineering PGIP gene to Develop Disease-Resistant Plants4.10  Manipulation of Oligogalacturonides by Salicylic Acid (SA) Analog to Induce Resistance against             Pathogens 4.11  Switching on Plant Immune Signaling Systems Using Plant Elicitor Peptides (Peps) for Disease   4.12  Switching on Plant Immune Signaling Systems Using Systemin for Disease Management5.    Switching on Plant Immune Signaling Systems Using Pattern Recognition Receptor Complex5.1   Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) 5.2   Importance of PRRs in Triggering Defense Responses Against Pathogens5.3   Engineering PRRs for Disease Management5.4   PRR-Interacting Protein Complexes 5.5   Engineering PRR-Interacting Protein Complexes for Crop Disease Management6.    Molecular Manipulation of Transcription Factors, the Master Regulators of PAMP-Triggered Signaling         Systems 6.1   Transcription Factors as ‘Master Switches’ Regulating Expression of Defense Genes in Plant Immune         Signaling Systems6.2   PAMPs and PIMPs/HAMPs Trigger Expression of Transcription Factors6.3   Role of Transcription Factors in Regulation of Ca2+ Signaling System6.4   ROS-Regulated Expression of Transcription Factors6.5   MAPKs-Modulated Phosphorylation of Transcription Factors in Activation of Plant Immune Responses6.6   Transcription Factors Regulating Salicylate Signaling in Plant Innate Immune System6.7   Transcription Factors Regulating Jasmonate Signaling System in Plant Innate Immunity6.8   Transcription Factors Regulating Ethylene Signaling System in Plant Innate Immunity6.9   Transcription Factors May Trigger “Priming” of Defense Responses6.10  Bioengineering WRKY Transcription Factors for Rice Disease Management 6.11  Bioengineering WRKY Transcription Factors for Wheat Disease Management 6.12  Bioengineering WRKY Transcription Factors for Tobacco Disease Management6.13  Bioengineering WRKY Transcription Factors for Management of Grapevine Diseases6.14  Search for Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Genes for Using as Tools for Engineering Disease-             Resistant Plants 6.15  Manipulation of OsWRKY45 Transcription Factor–dependent Priming Process Using Benzothiadiazole             Compounds for Rice disease Management6.16  Manipulation of Priming of WRKY Transcription Factors Using BABA for Crop Disease Management6.17  Manipulation of WRKY Gene Expression Using Ergosterol for Disease Management6.18  Manipulation of MYB Transcription Factors for Disease Management6.19  Molecular Manipulation of MYC2 Transcription Factor Using Rhizobacteria to Trigger Priming and ISR         for Disease Management 6.20  Molecular Manipulation of bZIP Transcription Factors for Crop Disease Management6.21  Manipulation of EREBP Transcription Factors for Crop Disease Management 6.22  Manipulation of NAC Transcription Factors for Crop Disease Management 6.23  Engineering NtWIF Transcription Factor Gene for Crop Disease Management 6.24  Engineering AT-Hook Motif-Containing Transcription Factor Gene (CaATL1) for Crop Disease Management