Environmental Policy and the Economy (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Environmental Policy and the Economy 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
Preface 8
List of Contributors 10
Chapter 1. Environmental Policy and the Economy: An Introduction 16
1 Increasing Concern for Environmental Quality 16
2 Outline of the Volume 18
3 Issues for Further Research 29
References 31
PART I: ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC MODELLING 32
CHAPTER 2. THREE DECADES OF ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMICMODELLING: ECONOMIC MODELS OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS 34
1 Introduction 34
2 Economy-Environment: A Systems Description 1 36
3 Economy-Emissions Models Based onInput-Output Analysis 38
4 Economy-Emissions Models Based on Materials Balances 44
5 Economy-Emissions Models Based on KLEM Production Functions 46
6 Integrative Economy-Emissions Models 2 47
7 Conclusions 56
CHAPTER 3. OPTIMAL GROWTH WITH STOCK POLLUTION 62
1 Introduction 62
2 The Model 64
3 The Existence and Uniqueness of the Steady State 66
4 Dynamic Properties of the Steady State 69
5 Summary and Conclusions 71
References 74
CHAPTER 4. AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF PLANET EARTH 76
1 Introduction 76
2 The Model 1 77
3 Brundtland Sustainability 82
4 Conclusions 84
References 88
PART II: VALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 90
CHAPTER 5. PREFERENCE LEARNING AND CONTINGENT VALUATION METHODS 92
1 Introduction 92
2 Preference Learning 94
3 Experimental Design and Procedures 98
4 Experimental Results 101
5 Summary and Conclusions 104
References 106
CHAPTER 6. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF WILDERNESS AREAS: AN APPLICATION TO THE KRUTILLA-FISHER MODEL TO SCOTLAND'S 'FLOW COUNTRY 110
1 Introduction 110
2 The Krutilla-Fisher Model 111
3 The Ecology of the Flow Country and the Problems of Afforestation 113
4 The Institutional Setting 118
5 The Contingent Valuation Survey 120
6 Applying the Krutilla-Fisher Model 127
7 Conclusions 129
References 130
CHAPTER 7. ECOLOGICAL PERCEPTION AND DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS : A HISTORICAL VIEW 132
1 Some Limits of Ecological Rationality 132
2 Energy and the Economy: A Historical View 134
3 Raubwirtschaft, a Concept of Ecological Geography 138
4 Incommensurable Externalities 139
5 Ecological Economics and Marxism: A Post Mortem? 142
6 Positional Goods and Fordism in the Periphery 147
7 A Political Conclusion 149
References 150
PART III: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 154
CHAPTER 8. POLITICAL ECONOMY ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS 156
1 Introduction 156
2 Environmental Policy as Economic Policy 157
3 The Playground Environmental Policy 159
4 Rent Seeking in the Framework of Environmental Policy 160
5 Conclusions 164
References 164
CHAPTER 9. LEGAL ASPECTS OF MARKETABLE POLLUTION PERMITS 166
1 Introduction 166
2 Objectives of this Paper 168
3 The Concept of a Permit Market 169
4 Juridical Principles for Regulation 170
5 Some Important Legal Aspects with Regard to the Design of a Permit Market 171
6 Provisions to Make the Market Work 177
7 Conclusions 178
References 179
CHAPTER 10. THE FIRM AS AN ACTOR IN AN ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY 182
1 Introduction 182
2 The Firm as a Maximising Machine in a Closed System: The Neoclassical View 183
3 The Firm as an Organisation in an Ecological Economy: An Evolutionary Approach 189
4 The Firm as an Element of Evolutionary Internalisation 198
5 Conclusions 208
References 208
PART IV: ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 210
CHAPTER 11. CARBON TAXES AND THE UK MANUFACTURING SECTOR 212
1 Introduction 212
2 Background Literature 214
3 The Model 216
4 Description of Simulations 224
5 Conclusions 248
References 253
CHAPTER 12. CONSEQUENCES OF AMMONIA EMISSION ABATEMENT POLICIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE IN THE NETHERLANDS 256
1 Introduction 256
2 Nitrogen Flows and Policy Proposals 259
3 The Economic Model 269
4 Simulation Results 285
5 Final Remarks and Conclusions 293
References 293
CHAPTER 13. INNOVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: THE CASE OF EC AND US AGRICULTURE 296
1 Introduction 296
2 The Model 298
3 Parameter Values and Data Sources 303
4 Effects of Technical Change 305
5 Conclusions 311
References 312
CHAPTER 14. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSINGLE-PRODUCT AND JOINT PRODUCTION INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS 314
1 Introduction 314
2 Leontief's Extended System 315
3 A New System 323
4 The Commodity-By-Industry Accounts 330
5 A New Commodity-By-Industry System 337
6 Summary 340
INDEX 344