Dislocations and Plastic Deformation (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Dislocations and Plastic Deformation 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 12
Chapter 1. The concept of dislocation 14
1.1. Structural defects 14
1.2. Deformation of single crystals 15
1.3. The critical shear stress 16
1.4. Lattice defects 18
1.5. Dislocations in the lattice 20
1.6. Burgers vector 25
1.7. Conservation of the Burgers vector 29
Chapter 2. Dislocations in an elastic continuum 38
2.1. Fundamentals of the continuum theory 38
2.2. The definition of dislocations in an elastic continuum 39
2.3. The energy of dislocations 41
2.4. Forces acting on dislocations 45
2.5. Properties of individual straight dislocations 46
2.6. Dislocation loops 65
2.7. The effect of dislocations on the thermal properties of crystals 68
2.8. The line tension of dislocations 74
2.9. Boundary condition problems 82
2.10. The motion of dislocations in an elastic continuum 86
2.11. General continuum theory of lattice defects 91
Chapter 3. The properties of point defects 100
3.1. Point defects in crystals 100
3.2. The energy of point defects 102
3.3. The continuum model of volume defects 105
3.4. Volume defects in bodies with free surfaces 111
3.5. The elastic interactions of point defects with other stress-fields 113
3.6. The interaction of dislocations and point defects 117
Chapter 4. Dislocations in crystals 125
4.1. The Frenkel model 125
4.2. Peierls model 127
4.3. The stress necessary to slip a dislocation 131
4.4. Kinks on dislocations 136
4.5. Glide systems 138
4.6. Glide and climb 144
4.7. Jogs on dislocations 147
4.8. The role of dislocations in crystal growth 151
Chapter 5. Multiplication of dislocations 159
5.1. Sources of dislocations 159
5.2. The geometry of the Frank-Read source 161
5.3. Stress required for the operation of a Frank-Read source 165
5.4. The formation of sources 172
5.5. Dynamic multiplication 178
Chapter 6. Partial dislocations 180
6.1. Stacking faults in close-packed lattices 180
6.2. Generalization of the Burgers circuit 183
6.3. Partial dislocations in fcc lattices 185
6.4. Extended dislocations in fcc lattices 189
6.5. Stacking faults and extended dislocations in bcc crystals 198
6.6. Reactions of dislocations 203
6.7. Extended jogs 212
6.8. Extended dislocations in ordered alloys 214
6.9. The formation of dislocation loops by vacancy condensation 216
6.10. The energy of stacking faults 221
Chapter 7. Effect of lattice defects on the physical properties of metals 224
7.1. Mechanical properties of pure metals 224
7.2. Theory of the yield stress of solid solutions 244
7.3. Theory of precipitation (dispersion)-hardening 255
7.4. The effect of lattice defects on the electrical resistivity of metals 261
Chapter 8. Work-hardening 267
8.1. General features 267
8.2. The stress-strain curve of fcc crystals 268
8.3. The "forest" theory of work-hardening 276
8.4. The "jog" theory of work-hardening 277
8.5. The "meshlength" theory of hardening 279
8.6. The "long-range stress" theory of hardening 285
8.7. Stability of the deformed state 296
Chapter 9. Effect of heat-treatment on the defect structure of metals 299
9.1. Introduction 299
9.2. Processes during heat-treatment 300
9.3. Change of the physical properties during heat-treatment 303
Appendix A: Concepts and notations of crystal geometry 312
A.1. Lattice criterion, unit cell, crystal systems 312
A.2. Lattice planes, Miller indices 315
A.3. Lattice vectors, zone 318
Appendix B: Principles of the theory of elasticity 320
B.1. The dilatation tensor 320
B.2. The stress tensor 325
B.3. Equilibrium conditions 327
B.4. The relation between the stress and dilatation tensors for isotropic bodies 328
B.5. Relations between the elastic constants 330
B.6. Equations of motion and equilibrium conditions of isotropic bodies 332
B.7. The equilibrium of an elastic body in the case of two-dimensional deformations 333
Appendix C: The stress-fields of straight edge and screw dislocations 335
C.1.Edge dislocations 335
C.2. The stress-field of screw dislocations 338
References 342
Index 354
OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY 358