Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers 4
Copyright Page 5
Preface to the Second Edition 6
Preface to the First Edition 8
Table of Contents 10
CHAPTER 1. Introduction Units
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Units in Geophysics 18
CHAPTER 2. The Seismic Method 21
2.1 Outline of the Method 21
2.2 Generation and Propagation of Seismic Waves 22
2.3 Travel-time Graphs for a Layered Medium 32
2.4. Seismic Velocity and its Relationship to Lithology and to Other Rock Properties 39
CHAPTER 3. Seismic Surveys and their interpretation 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Seismic Sources 46
3.3 Recording Systems 49
3.4 Reflection Surveys 62
3.5 Refraction Surveys 73
CHAPTER 4. Theory of Electrical Resistivity Surveying 85
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 Electrical Properties of Rocks 86
4.3 Theory of Current Flow in a Homogeneous Medium 88
4.4 Two Media of Differing Resistivity 91
4.5 The Four Electrode System of Measurement 98
4.6 Measurement with an "Expanding" Electrode System 102
4.7 Resistivity Curves for Horizontally Layered Strata and their Interpretation 103
CHAPTER 5. Practice and Applications in Resistivity Surveying 114
5.1 Field Practice 114
5.2 Instruments 120
5.3 Applications 122
CHAPTER 6. Other Electrical Methods 127
6.1 Electromagnetic Prospecting 127
6.2 Induced Polarization 141
CHAPTER 7. Gravity Surveying 148
7.1 Introduction 148
7.2 The Bouguer Anomaly 150
7.3 Instruments 156
7.4 The Survey 159
7.5 Interpretation 161
7.6 Examples 173
CHAPTER 8. Magnetic Surveying 181
8.1 Introduction 181
8.2 The Earth's Magnetic Field 183
8.3 Instruments 185
8.4 Magnetic Surveys 188
8.5 Interpretation 191
8.6 Applications 199
CHAPTER 9. Geophysical Borehole Logging 206
9.1 Introduction 206
9.2 Electrical Logs 208
9.3 Radiometric Logs 210
9.4 Sonic Logging 211
9.5 Temperature Logging 212
CHAPTER 10. Radiometric Surveys and Remote Sensing 214
10.1 Radiometric Surveys 214
10.2 Remote Sensing 216
Bibliography 220
Problems 226
Author Index 242
Subject Index 244