Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion: Research, Development and Application 4
Copyright Page 5
Preface 6
List of Contributors 8
Table of Content 10
Chapter 1 Combustion 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Experimental research 4 MWth -boiler 20
1.3 Supplementary Research 1 MWth TU 37
1.4 Simulation and analysis of the combustion efficiency 50
1.5 Heat transfer 61
1.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 65
1.7 REFERENCES 65
Chapter 2 Flue Gas Emissions from Fluidized Bed Combustion 68
2.1 Introduction 68
2.2 Formation and retention of sulphur dioxide 69
2.3 Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides 71
2.4 Emissions of S02 and NOx 72
2.5 Urea injection 97
2.6 Emissions of nitrous oxide 105
2.7 Emissions of CO, HC1, HF, and PAH 114
2.8 References 118
Chapter 3 Solid residues 122
3.1 Introduction 122
3.2 Characterization 122
3.3 Applications 135
3.4 Environmental and health aspects 144
3.5 Conclusions 151
3.6 References 152
Chapter 4 Corrosion and erosion 156
4.1 Introduction 156
4.2 FBC types 156
4.3 Materials requirements and selection 159
4.4 Corrosion and erosion under fluidized bed conditions 161
4.5. EXPERIMENTS IN DUTCH FLUIDIZED BED BOILERS 165
4.6 Experimental programme of 168
4.7 Main results from AKZO-boiler (detailed description in Chapter 9) 184
4.8 Design aspects, flow dynamics 188
4.9 Discussion/Conclusions 198
4.10 References 199
Chapter 5 Overall modeling 202
5.1. Overall modeling of atmospheric fluidized bed combustion and experimental verification 202
52. Sulfur retention and NOx reduction: the SURE model 244
Chapter 6 Sub-models 276
6.1. Combustion of a single char particle 276
6.2 Coal characterization 294
6.3. Modeling N20/NO formation and reduction during combustion of char 308
Chapter 7 Topics research fundamentals 334
7.1 Volatile combustion 334
7.2 Mass and heat transfer between a fluidized bed and a freely moving submerged sphere 352
Chapter 8 Dynamic modeling 370
8.1 Introduction 370
8.2 Fluidized bed modeling 371
8.3 Freeboard model 384
8.4 Discretization and solution method 389
8.5 Simulation results 391
8.6 Review and prospect 396
8.7 References 400
Chapter 9 90. MWth Industrial FBC-boiler 404
9.1 Introduction 404
9.2 The location and the capacity of the boiler installation 405
9.3 Design features of the installation 406
9.4 Process description 407
9.5 Design and construction 419
9.6 Demonstration programme 428
9.7 Operating experiences during normal operation 428
9.8 Metal wastage in the 90-MWth industrial boiler 444
9.9 Parameter examination 456
9.10 Stack emissions 461
Index 474