Hawaiian Volcanoes

Rebecca Carey is a postdoctoral researcher in School of Earth Sciences at the University of Tasmania. Rebecca's research interests revolve around the physical aspects of volcanology: processes of magma ascent and degassing, fieldwork deposit mapping, synchrotron microanalytical techniques - both FTIR and Micro X-ray tomography. Michael Poland isa research geophysicist at the U.S. Geological Survey in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.He has about ten peer-reviewed publications including in the Nature Geoscience and Geophysical Research Letters. He conducts research in deformation monitoring of Hawaiian volcanoes and in active volcanism. Valerie Cayol is a research associate in The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Univeristy of Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France. He has five major peer-reviewed publications in the Journal of Geophysical Research. His research focuses on numerical modeling of stresses and deformations, inversion of surface deformation data, development of methods allowing the simultaneous inversion of geometries and stress distributions on fractures or in the volume, joint inversion of deformation data and seismicity, study of magma transfer and storage within volcanic edifices, study of the interaction between magma transfers and the tectonics. Professor Dominique Weis is a full professor and Canadian Research Chair in the department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the University of British Columbia. She is the Director of the Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research (PCIGR) at University of British Columbia. He has been a fellow of AGU (2010) and Geochemical Society/European Association of Geochemistry (2011). He has over 165 peer-reviewed publications in reputed journals including Nature Geoscience and Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. His research interests include isotope geology, petrology, volcanology, geochronology and environmental sciences with special focus on defining the source and evolution of igneous and metamorphic rocks, the interactions between different reservoirs (mantle, crust and atmosphere) and the role of tectonic settings, geochemical and isotopic studies of sedimentary rocks, global changes and reconstitution of past environments, distribution of pollutants in natural and anthropogenic systems and application of non-traditional heavy stable to environmental issues and analytical technique developments.

Contributors vii

Preface xi

About the Companion Website xiii

1. How and Why Hawaiian Volcanism Has Become Pivotal to Our Understanding of Volcanoes from Their Source to the Surface 1
Michael O. Garcia

2. Seismic Constraints on a Double‐Layered Asymmetric Whole‐Mantle Plume Beneath Hawai‘I 19
Cheng Cheng, Richard M. Allen, Rob W. Porritt, and Maxim D. Ballmer

3. Asymmetric Dynamical Behavior of Thermochemical Plumes and Implications for Hawaiian Lava Composition 35
Maxim D. Ballmer, Garrett Ito, and Cheng Cheng

4. Major‐Element and Isotopic Variations in Mauna Loa Magmas over 600 ka: Implications for Magma Generation and Source Lithology as Mauna Loa Transits the Hawaiian Plume 59
J. Michael Rhodes

5. Lithium Isotopic Signature of Hawaiian Basalts 79
Lauren Harrison, Dominique Weis, Diane Hanano, and Elspeth Barnes

6. Onset of Rejuvenated‐Stage Volcanism and the Formation of Lı ̄hu‘e Basin: Kaua‘i Events That Occurred 3–4 Million Years Ago 105
David R. Sherrod, Scot K. Izuka, and Brian L. Cousens

7. Evidence for Large Compositional Ranges in Coeval Melts Erupted from Kı ̄lauea’s Summit Reservoir 125
Rosalind T. Helz, David A. Clague, Larry G. Mastin, and Timothy R. Rose

8. Petrologic Testament to Changes in Shallow Magma Storage and Transport During 30+ Years
of Recharge and Eruption at Kı ̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘I 147
Carl R. Thornber, Tim R. Orr, Christina Heliker, and Richard P. Hoblitt

9. Shallow Magma Storage at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano After 2007 Summit Caldera Collapse Tracked in Pele’s Hairs 189
Andrea Di Muro, Thomas Staudacher, Valerie Ferrazzini, Nicole Metrich, Pascale Besson, Christine Garofalo, and Benoit Villemant

10. Analysis of Seismicity Rate Changes and Tilt During Early Episodic Fountaining Stage of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Hawai‘i, Eruption: Implications for Magma Storage and Transport 213
Harmony V. Colella and James H. Dieterich

11. Episodic Deflation–Inflation Events at Kïlauea Volcano and Implications for the Shallow Magma System 229
Kyle R. Anderson, Michael P. Poland, Jessica H. Johnson, and Asta Miklius

12. Crustal Stress and Structure at Kı ̄lauea Volcano Inferred from Seismic Anisotropy 251
Jessica H. Johnson, Donald A. Swanson, Diana C. Roman, Michael P. Poland, and Weston A. Thelen

13. Delicate Balance of Magmatic‐Tectonic Interaction at Kı ̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, Revealed from Slow Slip Events 269
Emily K. Montgomery‐Brown, Michael P. Poland, and Asta Miklius

14. From Reservoirs and Conduits to the Surface: Review of Role of Bubbles in Driving Basaltic Eruptions 289
Sylvie Vergniolle and Yves Gaudemer

15. Insights Into Mixing, Fractionation, and Degassing of Primitive Melts at Kı ̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘I 323
Marie Edmonds, Isobel Sides, and John Maclennan

16. Reticulite‐Producing Fountains From Ring Fractures in Kı ̄lauea Caldera ca. 1500 CE 351
Michael May, Rebecca J. Carey, Donald A. Swanson, and Bruce F. Houghton

17. Hawaiian Fissure Fountains: Quantifying Vent and Shallow Conduit Geometry, Episode 1 of the 1969–1974 Mauna Ulu Eruption 369
Carolyn Parcheta, Sarah Fagents, Donald A. Swanson, Bruce F. Houghton, and Todd Ericksen

18. Kı ̄lauea’s 5–9 March 2011 Kamoamoa Fissure Eruption and Its Relation to 30+ Years of Activity From Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō 393
Tim R. Orr, Michael P. Poland, Matthew R. Patrick, Weston A. Thelen, A. Jeff Sutton, Tamar Elias, Carl R. Thornber, Carolyn Parcheta, and Kelly M. Wooten

19. Onset of a Basaltic Explosive Eruption From Kïlauea’s Summit in 2008 421
Rebecca J. Carey, Lauren Swavely, Donald A. Swanson, Bruce F. Houghton, Tim R. Orr, Tamar Elias, and A. Jeff Sutton

20. Primitive Components, Crustal Assimilation, and Magmatic Degassing During the Early 2008 Kïlauea Summit Eruptive Activity 439
Michael C. Rowe, Carl R. Thornber, and Tim R. Orr

21. FLOWGO 2012: An Updated Framework for Thermorheological Simulations of Channel‐Contained Lava 457
Andrew J. L. Harris and Scott K. Rowland

22. Lava Flows in 3D: Using Airborne Lidar and Preeruptive Topography To Evaluate Lava Flow Surface Morphology and Thickness in Hawai‘I 483
Hannah R. Dietterich, S. Adam Soule, Katharine V. Cashman, and Benjamin H. Mackey

23. Are Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) and Kı ̄lauea (Hawai‘i) Really “Analog Volcanoes”? 507
Aline Peltier, Michael P. Poland, and Thomas Staudacher

24. “Points Requiring Elucidation” About Hawaiian Volcanism 533
Michael P. Poland

Index 563