Transport Phenomena Fundamentals

Joel L. Plawsky received his BS in chemical engineering from the University of Michigan and his MSCEP and ScD in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After graduation, Joel worked for Corning Inc. in its research division before returning to academia at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is currently a professor of chemical engineering in the Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Joel was a NASA Faculty Fellow in 1999 and 2000 and has had four experiments fly in the microgravity environment of the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers where he has served as the chairman of the Transport and Energy Processes Division and has received the Institute’s Herbie Epstein Award. Joel serves on the editorial board of Chemical Engineering Communications and is the holder of five patents.

Part I Transport Fundamentals and 1-D Systems

Introductory Concepts
Introduction
Scope of Transport Phenomena
Preliminary Assumptions
Equilibrium Foundations
Defining Equilibrium
Fluid Statics
Buoyancy and Stability
Fluids in Rigid Body Motion
Problems
References

Flows, Gradients, and Transport Properties
Introduction
Momentum Transport: Newton’s Law of Viscosity
Energy Transport: Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction
Mass Transport: Fick’s Law of Diffusion
Charge Transport: Ohm’s Law of Conduction
Driving Force: Resistance Concepts
Flux Laws in Two and Three Dimensions
Mechanistic Differences between the Transport Phenomena
Primary and Secondary Fluxes
Failure of the Linear Flux: Gradient Laws
Summary
Problems
References

Transport Properties of Materials
Introduction
Viscosity of Gases
Viscosity of Liquids: Free Volume Theory
Thermal Conductivity of Gases
Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
Thermal Conductivity of Solids
Diffusivity of Gases
Diffusion in Liquids
Diffusion in Solids
Conductivity, Mobility, and Resistivity
Summary
Problems
References

1-D, Steady-State, Diffusive Transport
Introduction
Boundary Conditions
Boundary Condition Catalog
1-D, Steady-State Diffusive Transport
Composite Media
Variable Transport Properties, Coupled Transport, and Multiple Fluxes
Summary
Problems
References

Generation
Introduction
Generation on the Boundary: Boundary Conditions
One-Dimensional Transport with Generation at the Boundary
Constant Generation Terms
Variable Generation and Coupled Transport
Summary
Problems

Accumulation
Introduction.
Lumped Capacitance
Internal Gradients and Generalized Solutions
Semi-Infinite Systems
Moving Boundary Problems
Periodic Flow in a Rotating Cylindrical System
Summary
Problems
References

Conservative Transport and Waves
Introduction
Momentum Transport
Summary
Problems
References

Transport Enhancement Using Extended Surfaces
Introduction
Heat Transfer: Finned Surfaces
Mass Transfer: Gills, Lungs, etc
Diffusion and Reaction in a Catalyst Pellet
Summary
Problems
References

Part II Multidimensional, Convective, and Radiative Transport

Multidimensional Effects, Potential Functions, and Fields
Introduction
Laplace’s Equation and Fields
Solutions of Laplace’s Equation
Generation, Sources, Sinks, and Poisson’s Equation
Transient Systems
Summary
Problems
References

Convective Transport: Microscopic Balances
Introduction
Momentum Transport
Energy Transport
Mass Transport
Charge Transport
Summary
Problems
References

Macroscopic or Engineering Balances
Introduction
Macroscopic Continuity Equation
Macroscopic Momentum Balance
Macroscopic Mechanical Energy Balance: Extended Bernoulli’s
Equation
Macroscopic Energy Balance
Macroscopic Species Continuity Equation
Macroscopic Charged Species Continuity Equation
Summary
Problems
References

Convective Transport on a Flat Plate (Laminar Boundary Layers)
Introduction
Convective Transport Coefficients, Cf, h, kc, and k±
Boundary Layer Definitions
Derivation of Boundary Layer Equations
Transport Analogies
Hydrodynamic Boundary Layers
Thermal Boundary Layers
Mass Transfer Boundary Layers
Simplified Ionic Boundary Layers
Summary
Problems
References

Convective Transport: Systems with Curvature
Introduction
Flow over Cylinders
Flow over Spheres
Velocity Profiles in Tubes
Heat and Mass Transfer Applications
Coefficients
Taylor Dispersion
Summary
Problems
References

Turbulent Boundary Layers
Introduction
Turbulent Boundary Layer Structure
Transport Equations in Turbulent Flow
Representing the Reynolds Flux Components
Friction Factors and Other Transport Coefficients
Summary
Problems
References

Radiative Transport
Introduction
Preliminary Definitions
Maxwell’s Equations and Heat Transfer
Energy Fluxes in Radiative Systems
Blackbody
Graybody
View Factors
Radiative Energy Exchange
Summary
Problems
References

Nomenclature
Appendix A: Vector Mathematics
A.1 Addition and Subtraction
A.2 Multiplication: The Dot, Cross, and Dyad Products
A.3 Differentiation: Divergence, Gradient, Curl, and Laplacian
A.4 Other Useful Relations
Appendix B: Mathematical Functions
Appendix C: First Eigenvalue for 1-D Transient Conduction with External Convection
Appendix D: Exact Solution to the Boundary Layer Equations
References
Appendix E: Blackbody Emission Functions
Appendix F: Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Materials
Collision Integrals
References
Appendix G: Comsol® Modules
Index