Advances in Evolutionary Developmental Biology

Preface ix
Contributors xi
1 THE GENETIC TOOL–KIT : THE LIFE–HISTORY OF AN IMPORTANT METAPHOR 1 Adam S. Wilkins
Introduction 1
Historical Background to the Term 2
From Homeotic Genes (and Homeoboxes ) to the General Idea of Key Regulatory Genes with Conserved Developmental Functions 4
The Genetic Tool–Kit: The Seminal Findings That Led to its Coinage and the Key Idea 5
The Genetic Tool–Kit as a Non–Answer to the Question of Evolutionary Diversification within the Animal Kingdom 8
Thinking about How GRNs Are Rewired : Two Approaches 9
Conclusions 11
Acknowledgments 12
References 12
2 THE EVOLUTION OF SEX DETERMINATION IN ANIMALS 15 Judith E. Mank and Tobias Uller
Introduction 15
Evo–Devo of Sex Determination 16
The Origin of Network Novelty 18
Evolution of Genotypic Sex Determination 19
Evolution of Environment–Dependent Sex Determination 26
From ESD to GSD and Back Again 28
Acknowledgments 30
References 30
3 THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EUSOCIAL INSECT BEHAVIOR 37 Adam G. Dolezal, Kevin B. Flores, Kirsten S. Traynor, and Gro V. Amdam
The Path from Solitary Life to Advanced Social Living 37
What Could Natural Selection Act Upon to Build Eusocial Insect Societies? 42
Epigenetics: A New Understanding of the Regulation of Social Life 46
Social Insect Evolution: A Quickly Advancing Field 48
References 52
4 EVO–DEVO ON CHIP 59 Mei Zhan and Hang Lu
Introduction 59
Interrogating Developmental Mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster Using Microdevices 61
Microfluidic Advances for Developmental and Behavioral Studies in C. elegans 65
Microfluidic Culture Systems for Studying Genetic and Environmental
Effects on D. rerio Development 69
Mammalian Embryonic Development in Microsystems 71
Conclusion 75
References 75
5 FROM BLACK AND WHITE TO SHADES OF GRAY: UNIFYING EVO–DEVO THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF MOLECULAR AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES 81 Kevin J. Parsons and R. Craig Albertson
Introduction 81
The Geometry of Development: A Quantitative Approach 84
The Broad Applicability of Shades of Gray: Using GM to Connect Micro– and Macro–Level Patterns of Divergence 94
Ontogenetic Theories of Phenotypic Divergence 95
Testing the Role of Ontogeny in Microevolution 101
Conclusions 102
Acknowledgments 103
References 103
6 ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING LIMB REGENERATION IN A DEVELOPMENTAL AND EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT 111 Jessica A. Lehoczky and Clifford J. Tabin
Introduction 111
Regeneration or Redevelopment? 112
The Origin of the Regenerate: Are Blastema Cells Pluripotent or Lineage–Restricted? 122
Is Regeneration the True Ancestral State? 125
Final Thoughts 127
References 127
7 ECTODERMAL ORGAN STEM CELLS: MORPHOGENESIS, POPULATION REGENERATIVE BEHAVIOR, AND EVO–DEVO 133 Ping Wu, Ang Li, Jun Yin, Randall Widelitz, and Cheng–Ming Chuong
Physiological Regeneration of Ectodermal Organ Stem Cells 133
Feather Regeneration: Stem Cell Homeostasis and Morphogenesis 136
Evolution of Feathers 139
Hair Regeneration: Population Behavior in Regeneration 142
Regenerative Hair Waves in Transgenic Mice and Different Mammalian Species 144
Acknowledgments 147
References 147
8 PERSPECTIVES IN EVO–DEVO OF THE VERTEBRATE BRAIN 151 Sylvie Rétaux, Franck Bourrat, Jean–Stéphane Joly, and Hélène Hinaux
Introduction 151
Emergence of the Vertebrate Forebrain in Early Chordates and Its Diversification 152
Developmental Control of the Evolution of Brain Size and Relative Brain Region Size 158
Evolution of cis–Regulation of Brain Developmental Genes 163
Conclusion 167
References 168
9 EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE 173 Daniel J. Miller and Genevieve Konopka
Background 173
Genes and Pathways 177
Life History 182
Disorders of Language 185
Future Directions 187
Acknowledgments 191
References 192
10 ADVANCING EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 203 Jeffrey T. Streelman
Introduction 203
From Snapshots to Moving Pictures 204
Very Early and Very Late 205
The Missing Pieces 210
Summary: Advancing Evolutionary Development 212
Acknowledgments 213
References 213
Index 219