The Brain Atlas

Dorian J. Pritchard is former lecturer in Human Genetics, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK and former Visiting Lecturer in Medical Genetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Bruce Korf is Wayne H. and Sara Crews Finley Chair in Medical Genetics, Professor and Chair, Department of Genetics, and Director of the Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.

Preface

Acknowledgments

PART I

Introduction

Overview

The Nervous System

Cells

Gray Matter/White Matter

Connections

CNS/PNS

Constitution of the CNS

Principal Divisions of the Brain

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Segments

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Its Circulation

Cortical Areas

Using This Book

Terminology

Terms of Relation--The Special Case of the Human Head

Labels

Image Groups

Pathways

Navigation

Materials and Methods

Subjects

Brain Specimens

Radiological Imaging

References

PART II

The CNS and Its Blood Vessels

Brain

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem; Sulci and Gyri--Lateral Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries; Arteries of the Insula and Lateral Sulcus; Arterial Territories--Lateral Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem; Sulci and Gyri--Mesial Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries; Arterial Territories --Mesial Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries; by Conventional Angiography; by MRA--Lateral Projection

Dural Venous Sinuses and Folds (Diagrammatic); by Conventional Angiography; by MRV--Lateral Projection

Cerebral Hemispheres, Brain Stem and Arteries; by MRA--Anterior Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries and Veins by Conventional Angiography and Veins by MRV--Posteroanterior Projections

Cerebral Hemispheres and Brain Stem; Sulci and Gyri---Inferior Aspect

Cerebral Hemispheres and Brain Stem: Arteries and Cranial Nerves; Arterial Territories; Axial MRA--Inferior Aspect

Brain Stem

Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum--Anterolateral Aspect

Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum; Arteries and Cranial Nerves --Anterolateral Aspect

Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum; Arterial Territories--Anterolateral Aspect

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Striatum--Anterior Aspect

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Striatum--Posterior Aspect

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Striatum--Lateral Aspect

Cerebellum

Cerebellum--Superior Surface

Cerebellum--Inferior Surface

Spinal Cord

Arteries to Spinal Cord (Diagrammatic)

Segmental Arterial Supply of Spinal Cord (Diagrammatic)

Fiber Bundles

Principal Fiber Bundles in Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem (Semi-Schematic)--Lateral and Mesial Aspects

Principal Fiber Bundles in Coronal, Axial, and Sagittal Brain Sections (Semi-Schematic)

PART III

Brain Slices

Coronal Sections

Coronal Section Through Rostral Wall of Lateral Ventricle with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Anterior Limit of Putamen with MRI

Coronal Section Through Head of Caudate Nucleus and Putamen with MRI

Coronal Section Through Anterior Limit of Amygdala with Vessel TerritoriesCoronal Section Through Tuber Cinereum with MRI

Coronal Section Through Interventricular Foramen (Foramen of Monro) with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus with MRI

Coronal Section Through Mamillothalamic Tract (Fasciculus) with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Mamillary Bodies with MRI

Coronal Section Through Subthalamic Nucleus with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Posterior Limit of Interpeduncular Fossa with MRI

Coronal Section Through Posterior Commissure with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Commissure of Superior Colliculi with MRI

Coronal Section Through Quadrigeminal Plate with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Fourth Ventricle (IV) with MRI

Coronal Section Through Posterior Limit of Hippocampus with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Posterior Horns of Lateral Ventricles with MRI

Sagittal Sections

Sagittal Section Through Superior, Middle, and Inferior Temporal Gyri with Vessel Territories

Sagittal Section Through Insula with MRI

Sagittal Section Through Claustrum and Lateral Putamen with Vessel Territories

Sagittal Section Through Lateral Putamen with MRI

Sagittal Section Through Termination of Optic Tract with MRI

Sagittal Section Through Pulvinar with Vessel Territories

Sagittal Section Through Ambient Cistern with MRI

Sagittal Section Through Olfactory Tract with Vessel Territories

Sagittal Section Through Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body) with Vessel Territories

Sagittal Section Through Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium Conjunctivum) with MRI

Sagittal Section Through Red Nucleus with Vessel Territories

Sagittal Section Through Cerebral Aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius) with MRI

Axial Sections

Axial Section Through Superior Caudate Nucleus with MRI

Axial Section Through Inferior Corpus Callosum with Vessel Territories

Axial Section Through Superior Putamen with MRI

Axial Section Through Putamen with Vessel Territories

Axial Section Through Frontoparietal Opercula with MRI

Axial Section Through Midlevel Diencephalon with Vessel Territories

Axial Section Through Anterior Commissure with MRI

Axial Section Through Habenular Commissure with Vessel Territories

Axial Section Through Superior Colliculi with MRI

Axial Section Through Anterior Perforated Substance with Vessel Territories

Axial Section Through Inferior Colliculi with MRI

PART IV

Histological Sections

Cerebellum

Horizontal Section Through

Fastigial Nucleus

Horizontal Section Through

Dentate Nucleus

Brain Stem

Transverse Section Through Superior Colliculus with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Oculomotor Nucleus

Transverse Section Through Inferior Colliculus with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Superior Pons and Isthmus

Transverse Section Through Middle Pons with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Facial Genu with MRI

Transverse Section Through Vestibulocochlear Nerve Root with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Glossopharyngeal Nerve Root with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Fourth Ventricle with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Hypoglossal Nucleus with MRI

Transverse Section Through Inferior Olive with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Decussation of Pyramids

Spinal Cord

Transverse Section Through Upper Cervical Level with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Cervical Enlargement with MRI

Transverse Section Through Thoracic Level with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Lumbar Enlargement with Vessel Territories

Transverse Section Through Sacral Level

Basal Ganglia and Thalamus

Coronal Section Through Nucleus Accumbens

Coronal Section Through Optic Chiasm

Coronal Section Through Anterior Commisure

Coronal Section Through Anterior Thalamic Tubercle

Coronal Section Through Mamillothalamic Tract

Coronal Section Through H Fields of Forel

Coronal Section Through Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Coronal Section Through Pulvinar

Hypothalamus

Coronal Section Through Optic Chiasm; Coronal Section Through Pituitary Stalk

Coronal Section Through Interthalamic Adhesion; Coronal Section Through Mamillary Bodies

Basal Forebrain

Coronal Section Through Olfactory Trigone and Nucleus Basalis

Hippocampus

Coronal Section Through Body Of Hippocampus

PART V

Pathways

Brain Stem

General Organization of Spinal Cord Gray Matter

General Organization of Cranial Nerve Gray Matter

Sensory Cranial Nerves and Nuclei

Motor Cranial Nerves and Nuclei

Organization of Cranial Nerve Nuclei into Columns--Posterior Aspect

Organization of Cranial Nerve Nuclei into Columns--Anterior Aspect

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Sensory Systems

Touch and Position Sense Pathways: Posterior (Dorsal) Column/Medial Lemniscus and Trigeminal Main Sensory Nucleus

Touch Pathways: Anterior and Lateral Spinothalamic Tracts and Trigeminal Spinal Nucleus

Pain Pathways

Touch Pathways: Head and Face

Taste Pathways

Visual Pathways

Olfactory Pathways

Auditory Pathways R

Sensory/Motor Systems

Vestibular Pathways

Motor Systems

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) and Corticobulbar Pathways

Rubrospinal and Tectospinal Pathways

Reticulospinal Pathways

Cerebellum

Cerebellar Pathways: Somatic Afferents

Cerebellar Pathways: Afferents

(Non-Somatic)

Cerebellar Pathways: Efferents

Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia Pathways

Hippocampus

Hippocampal Pathways: Afferents

Hippocampal Pathways: Efferents

Amygdala

Amygdalar Pathways: Afferents

Amygdalar Pathways: Efferents

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamic Pathways: Afferents

Hypothalamic Pathways: Efferents

Arousal and Sleep

Arousal and Sleep Pathways

Hunger and Feeding

Circumventricular Organs

Autonomic Systems

Autonomic Pathways: Afferents

Autonomic Pathways: Sympathetic Efferents

Autonomic Pathways: Parasympathetic Efferents

Modulatory Systems

Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Pathways

Noradrenergic and Serotoninergic Pathways

Index