Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Volume 1

Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993. Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He has received numerous awards and honors including the title of doctor honoris causa from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland. He is the editor of more than 110 books dealing with adhesion measurement, adhesion of polymeric coatings, polymer surfaces, adhesive joints, adhesion promoters, thin films, polyimides, surface modification, surface cleaning, and surfactants. Dr. Mittal is also the Founding Editor of the journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives.

Preface xvii

Acknowledgements xxi

Part 1: Fundamental Aspects 1

1 Correlation between Contact Line Pinning and Contact Angle Hysteresis on Heterogeneous Surfaces: A Review and Discussion 3
Mohammad Amin Sarshar, Wei Xu, and Chang-Hwan Choi

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Contact Line Pinning on Chemically Heterogeneous Flat Surfaces 4

1.3 Contact Line Pinning on Hydrophobic Structured Surfaces 7

1.4 Summary and Conclusion 14

2 Computational and Experimental Study of Contact Angle Hysteresis in Multiphase Systems 19
Vahid Mortazavi, Vahid Hejazi, Roshan M D'Souza, and Michael Nosonovsky

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Origins of the CA Hysteresis 24

2.3 Modeling Wetting/Dewetting in Multiphase Systems 27

2.4 Experimental Observations 30

2.5 Numerical Modeling of CA Hysteresis 35

2.6 Conclusions 44

3 Heterogeneous Nucleation on a Completely Wettable Substrate 49
Masao Iwamatsu

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 Interface-Displacement Model 51

3.3 Nucleation on a Completely-Wettable Flat Substrate 54

3.4 Nucleation on a Completely-Wettable Spherical Substrate 65

3.5 Conclusion 69

4 Local Wetting at Contact Line on Textured Hydrophobic Surfaces 73
Ri Li and Yanguang Shan

4.1 Introduction 73

4.2 Static Contact Angle 76

4.3 Wetting of Single Texture Element 80

4.4 Summary 85

5 Fundamental Understanding of Drops Wettability Behavior Theoretically and Experimentally 87
Hartmann E. N’guessan, Robert White, Aisha Leh, Arnab Baksi, and Rafael Tadmor

5.1 Introduction 87

5.2 Discussion 90

5.3 Conclusion 93

6 Hierarchical Structures Obtained by Breath Figures Self-Assembly and Chemical Etching and their Wetting Properties 97
Edward Bormashenko, Sagi Balter, Roman Grynyov, and Doron Aurbach

6.1 Introduction 97

6.2 Materials and Methods 98

6.3 Results and Discussion 100

6.4 Conclusions 105

7 Computational Aspects of Self-Cleaning Surface Mechanisms 109
Muhammad Osman, Raheel Rasool, and Roger A. Sauer

7.1 Introduction 109

7.2 Droplet Membrane 111

7.3 Flow Model 121

7.4 Results 126

7.5 Summary 129

8 Study of Material–Water Interactions Using the Wilhelmy Plate Method 131
Eric Tomasetti, Sylvie Derclaye, Mary-Hélène Delvaux, and Paul G. Rouxhet

8.1 Introduction 132

8.2 Upgrading Wetting Curves 133

8.3 Study of Surface-Oxidized Polyethylene 136

8.4 Study of Amphiphilic UV-Cured Coatings 143

8.5 Conclusion 151

9 On the Utility of Imaginary Contact Angles in the Characterization of Wettability of Rough Medicinal Hydrophilic Titanium 155
S. Lüers, C. Seitz, M. Laub, and H.P. Jennissen

9.1 Introduction 156

9.2 Theoretical Considerations 156

9.3 Materials and Methods 158

9.4 Results and Discussion 161

9.5 Conclusion 171

10 Determination of Surface Free Energy at the Nanoscale via Atomic Force Microscopy without Altering the Original Morphology 173
L. Mazzola and A. Galderisi

10.1 Introduction 174

10.2 Materials and Methods 175

10.3 Results and Discussion 180

10.4 Conclusion 188

Part 2: Superhydrophobic Surfaces 191

11 Assessment Criteria for Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Stochastic Roughness 193
Angela Duparré and Luisa Coriand

11.1 Introduction 193

11.2 Model and Experiments 194

11.3 Results and Discussion 197

11.4 Summary 200

12 Nanostructured Lubricated Silver Flake/Polymer Composites Exhibiting Robust Superhydrophobicity 203
Ilker S. Bayer, Luigi Martiradonna, and Athanassia Athanassiou

12.1 Introduction 204

12.2 Experimental 210

12.3 Results and Discussion 214

12.4 Conclusions 220

13 Local Wetting Modifi cation on Carnauba Wax-Coated Hierarchical Surfaces by Infrared Laser Treatment 227
Athanasios Milionis, Roberta Ruffi lli, Ilker S. Bayer, Lorenzo Dominici, Despina Fragouli, and Athanassia Athanassiou

13.1 Introduction 228

13.2 Experimental 229

13.3 Results and Discussion 231

13.4 Conclusions 238

Part 3: Wettability Modifi cation 243

14 Cold Radiofrequency Plasma Treatment Modifies Wettability and Germination Rate of Plant Seeds 245
Edward Bormashenko, Roman Grynyov, Yelena Bormashenko, and Elyashiv Drori

14.1 Introduction 245

14.2 Experimental 246

14.3 Results and Discussion 248

14.4 Conclusions 255

15 Controlling the Wettability of Acrylate Coatings with Photo-Induced Micro-Folding 259
Thomas Bahners, Lutz Prager, and Jochen S. Gutmann

15.1 Introduction 260

15.2 The Process of Photo-induced Micro-folding 264

15.3 Experimental 265

15.4 Review of Results 267

15.5 Summary 274

16 Influence of Surface Densification of Wood on its Dynamic Wettability and Surface Free Energy 279
M. Petric, A. Kutnar, L. Rautkari, K. Laine, and M. Hughes

16.1 Introduction 280

16.2 Experimental 281

16.3 Results and Discussion 284

16.4 Summary and Conclusions 294

17 Contact Angle on Two Canadian Woods: Influence of Moisture Content and Plane of Section 297
Fabio Tomczak and Bernard Riedl

17.1 Introduction 297

17.2 Materials and Experimental Procedures 300

17.3 Results and Discussion 302

17.4 Conclusions 307

18 Plasma Deposition of ZnO Thin Film on Sugar Maple: The Effect on Contact Angle 311
Fabio Tomczak, Bernard Riedl, and Pierre Blanchet

18.1 Introduction 312

18.2 Materials and Experimental Procedures 313

18.3 Results and Discussion 316

18.4 Conclusion 325

19 Effect of Relative Humidity on Contact Angle and its Hysteresis on Phospholipid DPPC Bilayer Deposited on Glass 329
Emil Chibowski, Konrad Terpilowski, and Lucyna Holysz

19.1 Introduction 330

19.2 Experimental 331

19.3 Result and Discussion 333

19.4 Conclusion 343

Part 4: Wettability and Surface Free Energy 347

20 Contact Angles and Surface Energy of Solids: Relevance and Limitations 349
Paul G. Rouxhet

20.1 Introduction 350

20.2 Thermodynamic Background 351

20.3 Determination of the Surface Energy of a Solid from Contact Angles 354

20.4 Wettability and Surface Composition of Polypropylene Modifi ed by Oxidation 364

20.5 Wettability and Surface Cleanliness of Inorganic Materials 368

20.6 Conclusion 371

21 Surface Free Energy and Wettability of Different Oil and Gas Reservoir Rocks 377
Andrei S. Zelenev and Nathan Lett

21.1 Introduction 377

21.2 Experimental 379

21.3 Results and Discussion 381

21.4 Conclusions 386

22 Influence of Surface Free Energy and Wettability on Friction Coefficient between Tire and Road Surface in Wet Conditions 389
L. Mazzola, A. Galderisi, G. Fortunato, V. Ciaravola, and M. Giustiniano

22.1 Introduction 390

22.2 Theoretical Basis of the New Model 391

22.3 Materials and Methods 398

22.4 Results and Discussion 402

22.5 Summary and Conclusions 408

Acknowledgement 409

References 409