Optical Materials -  Kelly S. Potter,  Joseph H. Simmons

Optical Materials (eBook)

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1999 | 1. Auflage
391 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-051320-1 (ISBN)
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This book presents, in a unified form, the underlying physical and structural processes that determine the optical behavior of materials. It does this by combining elements from physics, optics, and materials science in a seamless manner, and introducing quantum mechanics when needed. The book groups the characteristics of optical materials into classes with similar behavior. In treating each type of material, the text pays particular attention to atomic composition and chemical makeup, electronic states and band structure, and physical microstructure so that the reader will gain insight into the kinds of materials engineering and processing conditions that are required to produce a material exhibiting a desired optical property. The physical principles are presented on many levels, including a physical explanation, followed by formal mathematical support and examples and methods of measurement. The reader may overlook the equations with no loss of comprehension, or may use the text to find appropriate equations for calculations of optical properties.


* Presents the optical properties of metals, insulators, semiconductors, laser materials, and non-linear materials
* Physical processes are discussed and quantified using precise mathematical treatment, followed by examples and a discussion of measurement methods
* Authors combine many years of expertise in condensed matter physics, classical and quantum optics, and materials science
* The text is written on many levels and will benefit the novice as well as the expert
* Explains the concept of color in materials
* Explains the non-linear optical behavior of materials in a unified form
* Appendices present rigorous derivations
Optical Materials presents, in a unified form, the underlying physical and structural processes that determine the optical behavior of materials. It does this by combining elements from physics, optics, and materials science in a seamless manner, and introducing quantum mechanics when needed. The book groups the characteristics of optical materials into classes with similar behavior. In treating each type of material, the text pays particular attention to atomic composition and chemical makeup, electronic states and band structure, and physical microstructure so that the reader will gain insight into the kinds of materials engineering and processing conditions that are required to produce a material exhibiting a desired optical property. The physical principles are presented on many levels, including a physical explanation, followed by formal mathematical support and examples and methods of measurement. The reader may overlook the equations with no loss of comprehension, or may use the text to find appropriate equations for calculations of optical properties. - Presents the optical properties of metals, insulators, semiconductors, laser materials, and non-linear materials- Physical processes are discussed and quantified using precise mathematical treatment, followed by examples and a discussion of measurement methods- Authors combine many years of expertise in condensed matter physics, classical and quantum optics, and materials science- The text is written on many levels and will benefit the novice as well as the expert- Explains the concept of color in materials- Explains the non-linear optical behavior of materials in a unified form- Appendices present rigorous derivations

Cover 1
Contents 8
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Wave propagation 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Waves 19
1.3 The electromagnetic spectrum 22
1.4 Mathematical waves 29
1.5 Electromagnetic waves 33
1.6 Propagation characteristics 39
1.7 Dispersion 42
1.8 Kramers–Kronig relations 45
1.9 Wave–particle duality 48
1.10 Phonons 49
1.11 Measurements 51
Appendix 1A. Solution of the wave equation by transform methods 62
Appendix 1B. General solution for propagation vectors 65
Appendix 1C. Kramers„Kronig relations 67
Chapter 2. Optical properties of conductors 74
2.1 Introduction 74
2.2 Atomistic view: Drude model 78
2.3 Plasma frequency 85
2.4 Band structure in metals 86
2.5 Coloration in metals 92
2.6 Coloration by means of small metal particles 93
2.7 Optical properties of superconductors 95
2.8 Measurement techniques 96
Appendix 2A. Solution of the Mie theory equations 98
Chapter 3. Optical properties of insulators--Fundamentals 102
3.1 Introduction 102
3.2 Harmonic oscillator theory 106
3.3 Selection rules for transitions between atomic levels 112
3.4 Propagation of light through insulators 115
3.5 Measurement techniques 151
Appendix 3A. Quantum mechanical treatment of the simple harmonic oscillator 161
Appendix 3B. Calculation of the refractive index of glass 168
Appendix 3C. Ligand field theory concepts 172
Chapter 4. Optical Properties of Insulators „ Some Applications 176
4.1 Thin films 176
4.2 Glasses, Crystals, and birefringence 186
4.3 Photochromic and electrochromic behavior 189
4.4 Oxides, chalcogenides, and halides 191
4.5 Optical plastics 193
4.6 Sources of color 195
Appendix 4A. Alternate calculation of multiple film stacks 204
Chapter 5. Optical Properties of Semiconductors 208
5.1 Introduction 208
5.2 Free-electron gas (Sommerfeld theory) 210
5.3 Nearly free-electron model 211
5.4 Band structure 219
5.5 Impurity states and lattice imperfections 227
5.6 Carrier densities 232
5.7 Absorption and photoluminescence 237
5.8 Measurements 254
5.9 Materials and properties 264
5.10 Quantum well structures, quantum wires, and quantum dots 276
Appendix 5A. Derivation of the carrier concentration equation 281
Appendix 5B. Derivation of absorption from direct interband transitions 282
Appendix 5C. Band structure of semiconductors 285
Chapter 6. Optical Gain and Lasers 290
6.1 Introduction 290
6.2 Spontaneous emission 291
6.3 Line shapes 291
6.4 Stimulated emission and absorption 294
6.5 Absorption and amplification (gain) 296
6.6 Operational characteristics of lasers 297
6.7 Laser cavity characteristics 302
6.8 Examples of laser systems 314
6.9 Semiconductor lasers 335
Chapter 7. NonLinear Optical Processes in Materials 342
7.1 Introduction 342
7.2 Mathematical treatment 345
7.3 Second-order susceptibility 356
7.4 Third-order susceptibility 364
7.5 Test methods 387
Index 396

Erscheint lt. Verlag 2.11.1999
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Naturwissenschaften Physik / Astronomie Optik
Technik Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
Technik Maschinenbau
ISBN-10 0-08-051320-4 / 0080513204
ISBN-13 978-0-08-051320-1 / 9780080513201
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