Ore Minerals Under the Microscope (eBook)
894 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-093164-7 (ISBN)
* Concise full-color pictorial reference for scientists and geologists
* Explains how to describe and identify microscopic samples of minerals
* Draws material from prominent literature yielding over 400 different minerals
Dr. Bernhard Pracejus currently works as Associate Professor at the Earth Science Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. He is specialised in Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Economic Geology and his research concentrates on topics such as the alteration of geologic bodies over time (particularly metal deposits), environmentally friendly remediation of heavy metal polluted effluents and solid wastes from mining activities and other industries, and processes at the Bio-Geo-Interface. He has published various articles in journals such as Ore Geology Reviews, Marine Geology, and Chemical Geology.
This is a very detailed colour atlas for ore/opaque minerals (ore microscopy) with the main emphasis on name and synonyms, mineral group, chemical composition, information about major formation environment, optical data, reflection colour/shade comparison with 4 common/standard minerals of a similar colour or grey shade, up to 5 high-quality photos for each mineral with scale, and a short description of the pictures. A compilation from some of the prominent publications in the field of ore microscopy yielded a list of 431 minerals are included in this atlas. - Concise full-color pictorial reference for scientists and geologists- Explains how to describe and identify microscopic samples of minerals- Draws material from prominent literature yielding over 400 different minerals
Front Cover 1
The Ore Minerals Under the Microscope: An Optical Guide 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Acknowledgements & Sample Sources
Instrument Settings 17
Preface 18
Mineral Descriptions 20
Explanations & Abbreviations
Section I - Elements 23
Chapter I/A - Metallic and Intermetallic Compounds, Carbides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Silicides 23
Copper 23
Silver 25
Gold 27
Auricupride 29
Amalgam 31
Aluminium 33
Cadmium 35
Lead 37
Iron 39
Kamacite 41
Taenite 43
Awaruite 45
Cohenite 47
Carlsbergite 49
Sinoite 51
Schreibersite 53
Gupeiite 55
Xifengite 57
Fersilicite 59
Hexaferrum 61
Osmium 63
Ruthenium 65
Rutheniridosmine 67
Iridium 69
Platinum 71
Hongshiite 73
Isoferroplatinum 75
Tulameenite 77
Atokite 79
Niggliite 81
Stannopalladinite 83
Palarstanide 85
Plumbopalladinite 87
Paolovite 89
Cabriite 91
Taimyrite 93
Chapter I/B - Semimetals and Nonmetals 95
Arsenic 95
Antimony 97
Bismuth 99
Arsenolamprite 101
Graphite 103
Sulfur 105
Selenium 107
Tellurium 109
Section II - Sulfides and Sulphosalts 111
Chapter II/A - Alloys and Alloy-like Compounds, with Copper, Silver, Gold and Nickel 111
Algodonite 111
Domeykite 113
Dyscrasite 115
Maucherite 117
Arsenopalladinite 119
Isomertieite 121
Stibiopalladinite 123
Palladodymite 125
Rhodarsenide 127
Telargpalite 129
Oulankaite 131
Temagamite 133
Chapter II/B - Sulfides with Metal : Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium > 1:1
Chalcocite 135
Djurleite 137
Digenite 139
Anilite 141
Betekhtinite 143
Bornite 145
Berzelianite 147
Crookesite 149
Umangite 151
Weissite 153
Rickardite 155
Argentite 157
Acanthite 159
Naumannite 161
Hessite 163
Jalpaite 165
Stromeyerite 167
Eucairite 169
Fischesserite 171
Petzite 173
Argyrodite 175
Canfieldite 177
Shandite 179
Parkerite 181
Heazlewoodite 183
Oregonite 185
Hauchecornite 187
Pentlandite 189
Miassite 191
Mackinawite 193
Godlevskite 195
Chapter II/C - Sulfides with Metal : Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium = 1:1 197
Sphalerite 197
Metacinnabar 199
Stilleite 201
Tiemannite 203
Coloradoite 205
Lautite 207
Chalcopyrite 209
Eskebornite 211
Lenaite 213
Gallite 215
Roquesite 217
Isocubanite 219
Orickite 221
Luzonite 223
Famatinite 225
Permingeatite 227
Briartite 229
Stannite 231
Kesterite 233
Sakuraiite 235
Stannoidite 237
Mawsonite 239
Renierite 241
Germanite 243
Colusite 245
Sulvanite 247
Tennantite 249
Tetrahedrite 251
Schwazite 253
Freibergite 255
Goldfieldite 257
Wurtzite 259
Greenockite 261
Enargite 263
Cubanite 265
Sternbergite 267
Argentopyrite 269
Niningerite 271
Oldhamite 273
Alabandite 275
Galena 277
Clausthalite 279
Altaite 281
Miargyrite 283
Aramayoite 285
Matildite 287
Herzenbergite 289
Stistaite 291
Teallite 293
Franckeite 295
Cylindrite 297
Cinnabar 299
Troilite 301
Pyrrhotite 303
Smythite 305
Nickeline 307
Breithauptite 309
Freboldite 311
Polarite 313
Sobolevskite 315
Cherepanovite 317
Millerite 319
Covellite 321
Klockmannite 323
Idaite 325
Valleriite 327
Tochilinite 329
Vyalsovite 331
Vulcanite 333
Braggite 335
Cooperite 337
Chapter II/D - Sulfides with Metal : Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium < 1:1, Tellurides with Copper, Silver and Gold
Linnaeite 339
Polydymite 341
Carrollite 343
Violarite 345
Siegenite 347
Indite 349
Daubreelite 351
Bornhardtite 353
Tyrrellite 355
Cuprorhodsite 357
Cuproiridsite 359
Malanite 361
Kashinite 363
Bowieite 365
Edgarite 367
Stibnite 369
Bismuthinite 371
Guanajuatite 373
Ottemannite 375
Tellurantimony 377
Tellurobismuthite 379
Paraguanajuatite 381
Tetradymite 383
Joséite 385
Pilsenite 387
Montbrayite 389
Nagyagite 391
Sylvanite 393
Krennerite 395
Calaverite 397
Villamaninite 399
Pyrite 401
Cattierite 403
Vaesite 405
Hauerite 407
Penroseit 409
Laurite 411
Erlichmanite 413
Sperrylite 415
Aurostibite 417
Geversite 419
Insizwaite 421
Padmaite 423
Cobaltite 425
Gersdorffite 427
Ullmannite 429
Hollingworthite 431
Irarsite 433
Marcasite 435
Ferroselite 437
Hastite 439
Frohbergite 441
Mattagamite 443
Froodite 445
Arsenopyrite 447
Glaucodot 449
Gudmundite 451
Löllingite 453
Safflorite 455
Rammelsbergite 457
Pararammelsbergite 459
Molybdenite 461
Jordisite 463
Tungstenite 465
Berndtite 467
Melonite 469
Moncheite 471
Skutterudite 473
Nickel-skutterudite 475
Chapter II/E - Sulfosalts (S : As,Sb,Bi = x), Sulfosalts with Predominant Iron and Copper x = 2.0 477
Berthierite 477
Wittichenite 479
Chalcostibite 481
Emplectite 483
Polybasite 485
Stephanite 487
Proustite 489
Pyrargyrite 491
Xanthoconite 493
Samsonite 495
Hutchinsonite 497
Lorandite 499
Jordanite 501
Geocronite 503
Gratonite 505
Meneghinite 507
Seligmannite 509
Bournonite 511
Freieslebenite 513
Diaphorite 515
Owyheeite 517
Dufrenoysite 519
Falkmanite 521
Boulangerite 523
Semseyite 525
Heteromorphite 527
Plagionite 529
Jamesonite 531
Ramdohrite 533
Andorite 535
Baumhauerite 537
Rathite 539
Sartorite 541
Zinckenite 543
Aikinite 545
Emilite 547
Lindströmite 549
Krupkaite 551
Paarite 553
Lillianite 555
Kobellite 557
Cosalite 559
Weibullite 561
Cannizzarite 563
Felbertalite 565
Galenobismuthite 567
Chapter II/F - Sulfides with Nonmetallic Properties, Arsenic-Sulfides 569
Patronite 569
Realgar 571
Orpiment 573
Djerfisherite 575
Rasvumite 577
Bartonite 579
Schöllhornite 581
Cronusite 583
Erdite 585
Kermesite 587
Chapter II/X-Unclassified Strunz Sulfides and sulphosalts 589
Bravoite 589
Section III - Halogenides 591
Chapter III/A - Simple Halogenides, without Water Metal : Halogen = 1 : 1 591
Chlorargyrite 591
Iodargyrite 593
Calomel 595
Fluorite 597
Chapter III/D-Oxi-halogenides with Mg-Mn-Cu-Zn-Sn 599
Atacamite 599
Section IV - Oxides 601
Chapter IV/A - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 1:1 and 2:1 (M2O, MO) 601
Cuprite 601
Zincite 603
Wüstite 605
Manganosite 607
Tenorite 609
Paramelaconite 611
Delafossite 613
Crednerite 615
Litharge 617
Massicot 619
Chapter IV/B - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 3:4 (Spinel type M3O4 and related), Aluminat-Spinels 621
Hercynite 621
Galaxite 623
Gahnite 625
Magnetite 627
Jacobsite 629
Franklinite 631
Chromite 633
Ulvite 635
Hausmannite 637
Hetaerolite 639
Hydrohetaerolite 641
Marokite 643
Minium 645
Chapter IV/C - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 2:3 (M2O3 and related compounds) 647
Valentinite 647
Bismite 649
Bixbyite 651
Corundum 653
Hematite 655
Eskolaite 657
Karelianite 659
Geikielite 661
Ilmenite 663
Pyrophanite 665
Maghemite 667
Högbomite 669
Magnetoplumbite 671
Plumboferrite 673
Loveringite 675
Davidite-(Ce, La, Y) 677
Perovskite 679
Macedonite 681
Stibiconite 683
Bindheimite 685
Pyrochlore 687
Armalcolite 689
Pseudobrookite 691
Chapter IV/D - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen = 1:2 (MO2 and related compounds) 693
Quartz 693
Silica, amorphous 695
Rutile 697
Pyrolusite 699
Polianite 701
Cassiterite 703
Plattnerite 705
Ilmenorutile 707
Tapiolite 709
Cryptomelane 711
Hollandite 713
Coronadite 715
Todorokite 717
Woodruffite 719
Romanéchite 721
Ramsdellite 723
Nsutite 725
Anatase 727
Wolframite 729
Hübnerite 731
Ferberite 733
Ferrocolumbite 735
Ferrotantalite 737
Brannerite 739
Foordite 741
Thoreaulite 743
Baddeleyite 745
Uraninite 747
Thucholite 749
Chapter IV/E - Oxides with Metal : Oxygen < 1:2 (M2O5, MO3)
Molybdite 751
Chapter IV/F - Hydroxides and Oxidic Hydrates, Water-bearing Oxides with Layered Structure 753
Pyrochroite 753
Goethite 755
Lepidocrocite 757
Manganite 759
Groutite 761
Feitknechtite 763
Lithiophorite 765
Heterogenite 767
Guyanaite 769
Chalcophanite 771
Birnessite 773
Quenselite 775
Söhngeite 777
Dzhalindite 779
Chapter IV/G - Vanadiumoxides (with V4+/5+), Group-vanadates 781
Melanovanadite 781
Chapter IV/K - Sulfides, Selenides, Tellurides with [XO3]2- groups and Related Structures 783
Chalcomenite 783
Section V - Nitrates, Carbonates and Borates 785
Chapter V/B - Waterfree Carbonates [CO3]2- without unfamiliar anions 785
Calcite 785
Siderite 787
Rhodochrosite 789
Cerussite 791
Chapter V/C - Waterfree Carbonates with Unfamiliar Anions 793
Azurite 793
Malachite 795
Defernite 797
Chapter V/G - "Insel" Borates, [BO3]3- "inseln" 799
Jimboite 799
Hulsite 801
Ludwigite 803
Vonsenite 805
Gaudefroyite 807
Section VI - Sulfates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates 809
Chapter VI/A - Waterfree Sulfates [SO4]2- without Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium Size 809
Anhydrite 809
Barite 811
Anglesite 813
Chapter VI/B - Waterfree Sulfates [SO4]2- with Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium Size 815
Jarosite 815
Chapter VI/C - Water-bearing Sulfates without Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium Size 817
Gypsum 817
Chapter VI/F - Chromates [CrO4]2- 819
Crocoite 819
Vauquelinite 821
Chapter VI/G - Molybdates [MoO4]2- and Wolframates [WO4]2- 823
Scheelite 823
Wulfenite 825
Section VII - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates 827
Chapter VII/A - Waterfree Phosphates [PO4]3- without Unfamiliar Anions, Cations of Small Size: Li, Be, Al 827
Monazite 827
Chapter VII/B - Waterfree Phosphates with Unfamiliar Anions F, Cl, O, OH, Cations of Very Small Size: Li, Be 829
Libethenite 829
Duftite 831
Descloizite 833
Pyromorphite 835
Mimetite 837
Vanadinite 839
Sahlinite 841
Chapter VII/C - Water-bearing Phosphates without Unfamiliar Anions. Cations of Medium and Small Size: Be and Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg 843
Erythrine 843
Annabergite 845
Section VIII - Silicates 847
Chapter VIII/A - Nesosilicates, with [SiO4]4- groups, Cations of Tetrahedric Orientation [4] 847
Willemite 847
Olivine 849
Almandine 851
Henritermierite 853
Coffinite 855
Chapter VIII/B - Nesosubsilicates, with Anions Unfamiliar to Tetraheders, Cations of Octahedral and Tetrahedral Orientation [4/6] 857
Topaz 857
Braunite 859
Neltnerite 861
Titanite 863
Chapter VIII/C - Sorosilicates, with [Si2O7]6-, without Anions Unfamiliar to Tetraheders 865
Ilvaite 865
Kentrolite 867
Chapter VIII/E - Cyklosilicates, Triplet Rings [Si3O9]6- 869
Chrysocolla 869
Chapter VIII/F - Inosilicates (Chain and Band) Double Chains [Si2O6]4- 871
Hedenbergite 871
Riebeckite 873
Bustamite 875
Rhodonite 877
Chapter VIII/H - Phyllosilicates (Layered), Tetragonal or Pseudotetragonal Layered Structures [Si4O10]4- and others 879
Muscovite 879
Biotite 881
Chamosite 883
Bibliography / Print Media 886
Bibliography / Electronic Media 889
Mineral Index 890
I/A Metallic and Intermetallic Compounds, Carbides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Silicides
Copper (Cuivre, Kupfer)
| Geologic Environment: | basic Precambrian magmatites, at border between oxidation and cementation zone, cap rocks of Cu sulfide veins, volcanic and sedimentary rocks |
| Reflection Colour: | pink-white |
| Internal Reflections: |
| Reflectance [%]: | 92.20 | Bireflectance: |
| Anisotropy: | isotropic |
| Pleochroism: |
Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography
I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series
Descriptions
A. Skeletal copper (light pink) with small specs of cuprite (bluish grey); Broken Hill, Australia [c]; Nic. //
B. Anhedral native copper (pink tint) next to domeykite (grey) in jasper; Çayeli, NE Turkey [n]; Nic. //
C. Anhedral native copper (dark; scratches) next to domeykite (almost black) in jasper (red internal reflections); Çayeli, NE Turkey [n]; Nic. +
Silver
| Geologic Environment: | hydrothermal sulfide veins |
| Reflection Colour: | bright silver white |
| Internal Reflections: |
| Reflectance [%]: | 82.82 | Bireflectance: |
| (87.5 antimonian) |
| Anisotropy: | isotropic, scratches give impression of anisotropy |
| Pleochroism: |
Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography
I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series
Descriptions
A. Anhedral silver (white) in galena (light grey), thin reaction rim of argentite (greenish grey); Monte Narba, Sardinia, Italy [b]; Nic. //
B. Anhedral silver (medium grey, many scratches) in galena (dark, some scratches); Monte Narba, Sardinia, Italy [b]; Nic. +
C. Myrmekitic intergrowth of native silver (white), chalcopyrite (olive), and cabriite (pinkish cream, slight bireflectance), niggliite (here greenish cream), geversite (blue grey), galena (medium grey); Oktjabrsky, Norilsk, GUS [d]; Nic. //
D. Fine-grained aggregates of “knitted” silver (white), galena (medium grey), carbonate matrix (dark grey); Brand-Erbisdorf, Saxony, Germany [g]; Nic. //
E. Silver (isotropic), galena (isotropic), carbonates (white and brownish internal reflections); Brand-Erbisdorf, Saxony, Germany [g]; Nic. +
Gold (Ag-rich Gold = Electrum, Oro)
| Geologic Environment: | quartz veins, alluvial deposits |
| Reflection Colour: | gold-yellow, silver-white (Ag) to copper-red (Cu) |
| Internal Reflections: | blue and green (transmitted light), otherwise opaque |
| Reflectance [%]: | 72.26 | Bireflectance: |
| (92.3 Electrum, 66.6 palladian) |
| Anisotropy: | isotropic, many scratches suggest otherwise |
| Pleochroism: |
Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography
I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series
Descriptions
A. Irregular patches of gold (yellow) in pyrite (light cream); West Driefontein, Johannesburg, South Africa [c]; Nic. //
B. Irregular gold grain (yellow) between stibnite (light grey); Murchison Range, South Africa [g]; Nic. //
C. Anhedral electrum (yellowish white), quartz (dark grey); New Bullfrog mine, Nye Co., Nevada, USA [h]; Nic. //
D. Anhedral electrum (yellowish white), argentite (greenish grey), quartz (dark grey); New Bullfrog mine, Nye Co., Nevada, USA [h]; Nic. //
E. Anhedral electrum (yellowish white), pyrite (cream) altered to goethite (bluish grey shades), quartz (dark grey); New Bullfrog mine, Nye Co., Nevada, USA [h]; Nic. //
Auricupride
| Geologic Environment: | low temperature un-mixing of Au-Cu alloys |
| Reflection Colour: | violet rose |
| Internal Reflections: |
| Reflectance [%]: | [65] | Bireflectance: |
| Anisotropy: | isotropic |
| Pleochroism: |
Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography
I/A.01-Copper, Silver and Gold Series
Descriptions
A. Subhedral auricupride (bright orange) in nickeline matrix (slight pinkish brown anisotropy); Core Drilling near Orahovac, Kosovo, Serbia [j]; Nic. //
B. Subhedral auricupride grain (bright orange) with core of native gold (yellow), nickeline matrix (brownish grey), skutterudite (light grey, lower right corner); Core Drilling near Orahovac, Kosovo, Serbia [j]; Nic. //
Amalgam (Kongsbergite, Mercury Silver, Silver Amalgam)
| Geologic Environment: | hydrothermal |
| Reflection Colour: | grey |
| Internal Reflections: |
| Reflectance [%]: | [35] | Bireflectance: |
| Anisotropy: | isotropic |
| Pleochroism: |
Strunz Classification – Group Members – Chemical Formula – Crystallography
I/A.02-Mercury and Amalgame series
Descriptions
A. Rim of amalgam (medium grey) replacing pyrite (tinted white), goethite (dark grey); Privolnoye deposit, Central Yakutia, Russia [h]; Nic. //
B. Amalgam (dark grey), pyrite (isotropic, brownish grey), goethite (dark grey, some brown internal reflections); Privolnoye deposit, Central Yakutia, Russia [h]; Nic. +
Aluminium
| Geologic Environment: | low oxygen fugacity environments; Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia |
| Reflection Colour: | white |
| Internal Reflections: |
| Reflectance... |
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 11.11.2008 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie | |
| Technik | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-093164-2 / 0080931642 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-093164-7 / 9780080931647 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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