Introduction to Volcanic Seismology (eBook)

Cover 1
Introduction to Volcanic Seismology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Chapter 1. Introduction 14
1.1. Terms and definitions 14
1.2. Subject of the book 20
1.3. Acknowledgements 20
Chapter 2. Seismicity at Volcanoes 22
2.1. History of seismic monitoring of volcanic activity 22
2.2. Classification of volcanic earthquakes 29
2.3. Sequences of volcanic earthquakes 32
Chapter 3. Origin of Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes 44
3.1. Magma and its physical and chemical properties 45
3.2. Volcanism and tectonics 48
3.3. Models of volcano-tectonic earthquake sequences 55
Chapter 4. Origin of Eruption Earthquakes 60
4.1. Processes of the outlet of eruption products from volcanic crater 60
4.2. Seismic modeling of eruption earthquakes 63
Chapter 5. Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes at Basaltic Volcanoes 80
5.1. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with shield volcanoes 80
5.2. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with stratovolcanoes 90
5.3. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with fissure eruptions 94
5.4. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with caldera collapse 99
5.5. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with submarine eruptions 102
Chapter 6. Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes at Andesitic Volcanoes 106
6.1. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with volcanic "directed blasts" 106
6.2. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with phreatic phreato-magmatic explosions 113
6.3. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with lava extrusions 123
6.4. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with flank eruption 126
Chapter 7. Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes at Dacitic Volcanoes 128
7.1. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with central eruptions 128
7.2. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with flank eruptions 142
Chapter 8. General Properties of Volcano-tectonic Earthquake Swarms 146
8.1. Properties of volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms inferred from the data of Chapters 5 to 7 146
8.2. Additional data about volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm properties 152
Chapter 9. Source Properties of Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes 158
9.1. Focal mechanisms of volcano-tectonic earthquakes: double couple and non-double couple models 158
9.2. Spectral characteristics of volcano-tectonic earthquakes 169
9.3. Seismo-tectonic deformations in volcanic region 178
Chapter 10. Significant Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes and their Role in Volcanic Processes 184
10.1. Selection of significant volcano-tectonic earthquakes that occurred in the XXth century 185
10.2. Focal rupturing of significant volcano-tectonic earthquakes and its role in volcanic processes 188
10.3. The magnitude 7 volcano-tectonic earthquakes in volcanic processes 196
10.4. Seismic hazard of significant volcano-tectonic earthquakes 199
Chapter 11. Volcanic Tremor 210
11.1. Seismograms and spectra 210
11.2. Location of volcanic tremor 210
11.3. Volcanic tremors in eruptive process 213
11.4. Relationships between the intensity of seismic signals and volcanic events 215
11.5. Special cases of volcanic tremors 218
Chapter 12. Earthquakes Related to Pyroclastic Flows and Rockfalls 226
12.1. Occurrences of "fall-and-flow" earthquakes 226
12.2. Relationship between the "fall-and-flow" earthquakes and seismo-volcanic activity during lava emission 228
12.3. Quantification of "fall-and-flow" earthquakes 230
12.4. Location pyroclastic flows using amplitude signals of "fall-and-flow" earthquakes 237
Chapter 13. Explosion Earthquakes 240
13.1. Waveforms of explosion earthquakes 240
13.2. Occurrences of explosion earthquakes and their location 242
13.3. Explosion earthquakes in the eruptive process 245
13.4. Size of explosion earthquakes 246
Chapter 14. Seismic Monitoring of Volcanic Activity and Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions 248
14.1. Methodology of seismic monitoring of volcanic activity 248
14.2. Applications of volcanic seismicity in the prediction of volcanic eruptions 254
Chapter 15. Some Remarks About Unresolved Problems 266
15.1. Variety of low-frequency volcanic earthquakes 266
15.2. Seismic activity at dormant volcanic structures: A problem of possible eruption 271
References 278
Index of Volcanic Events 298