Dynamic Method in Oceanography (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Dynamic Method in Oceanography 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Introduction 10
Chapter I. Theoretical Principles of Indirect Computation of Sea Currents 14
1. Dynamic Method of Computing Sea Currents. Critical Comments on the Views of N. N. Zubov and H. Sverdrup 14
2. Wind-Driven Currents in an Infinite Channel. Pure Drift and Gradient Components of the Velocity of a Wind-Driven Current. Role of Friction in a Gradient Current. Mechanism of the Mutual Adjustment of the Density and Current Velocity Fields in the 26
3. Some Considerations Concerning Convective Components of Current Velocity in the Sea. Currents Induced by a Difference in Climatic Conditions over the Ocean and by the Transport of Heat and Salt in a Wind-Driven Current 37
4. Baroclinic Layer of the Sea. Dependence of the Depth of the Lower Boundary of a Current on Water Stratification and on the Wind Field over the Sea 43
Chapter II. Accuracy of the Dynamic Method of Computing Ocean Currents 60
5. Statement of the Problem 60
6. Accuracy of Sea Water Temperature Measurements 61
7. Accuracy of Sea Water Salinity (Chlorinity) Determinations 62
8. Accuracy of Sea Water Density Computations 65
9. Accuracy of Dynamic Height Computations 68
10. Accuracy of Current Velocity Computation by the Dynamic Method 76
11. Discussion of Results 81
Conclusions 84
Chapter III. Investigation of the Vertical Velocity Distribution of a Wind-Driven Current in a Deep Sea Using a Density Model 86
12. Statement of the Problem 86
13. Method of Computing Deep Sea Currents from the Surface Current and Atmospheric Pressure Gradient 88
14. Investigation of the Depth of Penetration of a Wind-Driven Ocean Current 114
15. Method of Increasing the Accuracy of Dynamic Computation 126
Conclusions 129
Chapter IV. Methods for Computing the “Zero”Surface in the Sea 130
16. General Evaluation of Methods for Determining the Layer of no Motion in the Sea 130
17. Identification of the Layer of no Motion in the Sea with the Intermediate Oxygen Minimum (Dietrich’ s Method) 131
18. Determination of the Layer of no Motion in the Sea from the Distortion of the Thickness of Isopycnal Layers (Parr’s Method) 137
19. Determination of the Depth of the Layer of no Motion from Salinity Distribution (Hidaka’s Method) 142
20. Computation of the Vertical Distribution of Current Velocity by the Dynamic Method Using Continuity Equations (Hidaka’s Method) 146
21. Determination of the Depth of the ”Zero” Surface from the Analysis of Differences in the Dynamic Depths of Isobaric Surfaces (Defant’s Method) 152
Conclusions 161
Chapter V. Practical Procedures for Computing Currents by the Dynamic Method 162
22. Computation of Currents in Shallow Areas by the Dynamic Method 162
23. Computation of Currents by the Dynamic Method Relative to a Nonhorizontal “Zero” Surface 168
24. Absolute Computation of Gradient Current Velocity by the Dynamic Method Under Conditions Satisfying the Law of the Parallelism of Solenoids in the Sea 182
Conclusions 185
Chapter VI. Dynamic Chart of the Sea Surface in the Kurile-Kamchatka Region of the Pacific Ocean 187
25. Determination of the “Zero” Surface 187
26. Construction of a Dynamic Sea Surface Chart 208
Conclusions 214
Resume 215
Bibliography 217
Index 223