Fundamentals of Marine Acoustics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Fundamentals of Marine Acoustics 4
Contents 8
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
1.1. Sound in the sea 12
1.2. The nature of the acoustic field 14
1.3. Logarithmic units 20
1.4. Spectral notions 22
Problems 23
Chapter 2. Electroacoustic and chemical transduction 26
2.1. Electroacoustic transducers 26
2.2. Explosive sources 41
Problems 45
Chapter 3. Hydrophones, projectors, and calibration 48
3.1. Transducer responses 48
3.2. Calibration 49
3.3. Special calibration techniques 54
3.4. Beam patterns and directivity 55
3.5. Hydrophone characteristics 63
3.6. Projector characteristics 64
Problems 66
Chapter 4. Phased arrays 68
Problems 72
Chapter 5. Sonar equations and parameters 74
5.1. Various forms of sonar equations 75
5.2. Sonar parameters and their various combinations 76
Problems 77
Chapter 6. Theory of sound propagation 80
6.1. Wave theory 81
6.2. Reflections 91
6.3. The theory of shallow-water acoustic propagation 105
6.4. Spreading and attenuation 107
Problems 109
Chapter 7. Sound propagation in the sea 110
7.1. Sound-speed profiles in the sea 110
7.2. Sound channeling 113
7.3. Attenuation of sound in the sea 122
Chapter 8. Reverberation 124
8.1. The theory of volume reverberation 124
8.2. The theory of surface reverberation 127
8.3. Reverberation as observed at sea 132
Chapter 9. Noise 136
Chapter 10. Sonar signal processing 140
10.1. Detection theory 140
10.2. Probabilities of detection and false alarm 144
10.3. Detection threshold 147
10.4. Narrowband processing 147
Problems 148
General reference books 150
Solutions for selected problems 152
Index 162